HESI RN Patho Pharmacology

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

Which statement is true regarding myocardial functioning in the normal heart, based upon the Frank Starling law?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This question is identical to Question 8. Per the Frank-Starling law, increased preload enhances contractility via greater fiber shortening (
C). Afterload increase (
A) raises pressure. Decreased afterload (
B) reduces hypertrophy. Decreased preload (
D) shortens fibers. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.

Question 2 of 5

A client reports experiencing blurry central vision that has recently worsened. Which pathological process supports the client’s subjective report?

A. Blockage of retinal capillaries causing ischemic damage of the central macular area. B. Opaque spoke-like lines developing in the periphery of the lens to the center. C. Tears in the retina that detach from the lining of the posterior eyeball. D. An increase in intraocular pressure with loss of peripheral vision.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Blurry central vision suggests macular ischemia from blocked retinal capillaries (
A), as in diabetic retinopathy or vein occlusion. Opaque lens lines (
B) indicate cataracts, causing glare. Retinal tears (
C) cause floaters/shadows. Increased intraocular pressure (
D) is glaucoma, affecting peripheral vision.

Question 3 of 5

When planning care for a client who is diagnosed with a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the nurse should carefully monitor for which signs and symptoms?

A. Flank pain and profound hypotension. B. Acute shortness of breath and chest pain. C. Absent pedal pulses and darkened toes. D. Tea-colored urine and decreased output.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: AAA rupture causes flank pain and hypotension (
A) from internal bleeding. Shortness of breath and chest pain (
B) suggest thoracic issues. Absent pulses/darkened toes (
C) indicate peripheral ischemia, not AAA. Tea-colored urine (
D) suggests kidney injury, not primary AAA signs.

Question 4 of 5

Which explanation should the nurse give to a male client on why benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often causes urinary retention?

A. Abnormal growth results in loss of bladder muscle tone. B. Inflammation causes spasms of the gland. C. The enlarged gland compresses the urethra. D. Nerve compression decreases the sensation that the bladder is full.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: BPH enlarges the prostate, compressing the urethra (
C), obstructing urine flow and causing retention. Bladder tone loss (
A) is secondary. Inflammation (
B) relates to prostatitis. Nerve compression (
D) is not primary.

Question 5 of 5

A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?

A. Deposition of crystals in the synovial space of the joints produces inflammation and irritation. B. Chondrocyte injury destroys joint cartilage, producing osteophytes and joint inflammation. C. An immune complex and autoantibody deposition in connective tissue results in inflammation. D. An autoimmune inflammation involving IgG response to an antigen causes joint destruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gout results from monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints (
A), causing inflammation and pain. Chondrocyte injury (
B) relates to osteoarthritis. Immune complex/autoantibody deposition (
C) and autoimmune IgG response (
D) describe rheumatoid arthritis.

HESI RN Patho Pharmacology | Nurselytic

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HESI RN

HESI RN