HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SIRS from trauma involves a systemic inflammatory response progressing to multiple organ dysfunction (
A). AKI (
B) is a specific organ injury, not the overarching process. Intestinal obstruction (
C) is unrelated unless perforated. Sepsis (
D) involves infection, not specified here.
Question 2 of 5
A large tree fell across the thighs of a man who works as a logger, producing a crushing injury. The muddy ground cushioned the impact and x-rays revealed no broken bones. His thighs are bruised and swollen with pedal pulses present, but the left is stronger than the right. It is most important for the nurse to include in this client’s plan of care assessment for signs of which pathophysiological condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compartment syndrome (
D) risks tissue damage from increased pressure post-crush injury, indicated by swelling, bruising, and unequal pulses. Neuropathy (
A) involves nerve damage, not acute swelling. Osteomyelitis (
B) requires bone infection. Fat embolism (
C) is less likely without fractures.
Question 3 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus develops an ulcer on the bottom of the foot. Which pathology is the primary contributing factor to the ability of the ulcer to heal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microvascular changes (
D) in diabetes impair blood flow, oxygen delivery, and nutrient supply, delaying ulcer healing. Sensory neuropathy (
A) contributes to ulcer formation, not healing. Hyperlipidemia (
B) affects macrovascular disease. Ketoacidosis (
C) is an acute complication, not directly affecting healing.
Question 4 of 5
A postmenopausal client presenting to the clinic with describing abdominal pain and an episode of unexplained vaginal Nearing receives a Pap smear (Papanicolaou test). Which medical history information should the nurse expect places the client at most risk for developing cervical cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HPV (
C), especially high-risk strains (16, 18), is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer, causing cellular changes in the cervix. HSV (
A) may increase HPV acquisition risk but isn’t directly causative. Vulvovaginitis (
B) and yeast infections (
D) cause inflammation but lack a direct link to cervical cancer.
Question 5 of 5
A client with end stage emphysema is experiencing poor gas exchange. Which respiratory structure is associated with the pathophysiological processes in emphysema?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emphysema involves alveolar wall destruction (
D), reducing gas exchange surface area, causing hypoxemia. Bronchioles (
A) are affected in asthma/bronchitis. Trachea (
B) is a conduit. Bronchi (
C) are involved in bronchitis, not emphysema.