HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with intestinal obstruction who presents with severe, colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distention. Which pathophysiologic mechanism supports the client’s clinical presentation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Volvulus (
B), intestinal twisting post-appendectomy, causes obstruction, leading to colicky pain, nausea, vomiting, and distention. Nerve degeneration (
A) relates to GERD. Esophagitis (
C) causes heartburn. H. pylori (
D) causes ulcers, not obstruction.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SIRS from trauma involves a systemic inflammatory response progressing to multiple organ dysfunction (
A). AKI (
B) is a specific organ injury, not the overarching process. Intestinal obstruction (
C) is unrelated unless perforated. Sepsis (
D) involves infection, not specified here.
Question 3 of 5
A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) develops a gangrenous toe and is admitted for possible amputation. Which pathophysiological consequence of DM has contributed to this client’s complication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral neuropathy (
C) from prolonged hyperglycemia damages sensory nerves, reducing pain perception and leading to unnoticed foot injuries, infections, and gangrene. CKD (
A) affects kidneys, not directly causing gangrene. Retinopathy (
B) impacts eyes. Hypertension (
D) exacerbates vascular issues but is secondary to neuropathy in this context.
Question 4 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus develops an ulcer on the bottom of the foot. Which pathology is the primary contributing factor to the ability of the ulcer to heal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microvascular changes (
D) in diabetes impair blood flow, oxygen delivery, and nutrient supply, delaying ulcer healing. Sensory neuropathy (
A) contributes to ulcer formation, not healing. Hyperlipidemia (
B) affects macrovascular disease. Ketoacidosis (
C) is an acute complication, not directly affecting healing.
Question 5 of 5
A postmenopausal client presenting to the clinic with describing abdominal pain and an episode of unexplained vaginal Nearing receives a Pap smear (Papanicolaou test). Which medical history information should the nurse expect places the client at most risk for developing cervical cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HPV (
C), especially high-risk strains (16, 18), is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer, causing cellular changes in the cervix. HSV (
A) may increase HPV acquisition risk but isn’t directly causative. Vulvovaginitis (
B) and yeast infections (
D) cause inflammation but lack a direct link to cervical cancer.