HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse admits a client with sepsis and has developed cool ecchymotic fingertips and toes. The healthcare provider determines that the client has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which findings support the pathophysiology of DIC?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DIC causes microthrombi and bleeding, leading to hematuria and hemoptysis (
C). Glucosuria/lethargy (
A) suggest diabetes. Frothy urine/anorexia (
B) indicate proteinuria. Polyuria/cough (
D) are unrelated.
Question 2 of 5
A client’s morning laboratory test results include hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (110 g/L) and hematocrit 34% (0.34 volume fraction). Based on these findings, this client is at risk for which pathophysiological findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit (11.0 g/dL, 34%) indicate mild anemia, causing fatigue and weakness (
A) from reduced oxygen delivery. Dysrhythmias (
B) occur in severe anemia. Fever/infection (
C) are unrelated. Clotting time (
D) is unaffected by anemia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acne vulgaris involves hyperactive sebaceous glands causing comedones, papules, and pustules on the face, neck, and upper back (
C). Skin tags (
A) are benign growths. Hyperpigmentation (
B) may follow acne but isn’t primary. Scaling plaques (
D) indicate psoriasis.
Question 4 of 5
A client’s ankle is edematous after an ankle sprain. Which physiological mechanism is responsible for the swelling?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Histamine release post-sprain increases vascular permeability, causing fluid transudation and edema (
A). Bradykinin (
B) contributes to pain, not primarily edema. Thromboxane A (
C) promotes vasoconstriction. Neutrophil migration (
D) aids inflammation but isn’t the main edema cause.
Question 5 of 5
Three days after a cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, a client reports persistent upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back. The client has vomited three times in the last 12 hours and has a temperature of 101.8° F (38.7° C). Serum amylase and lipase are twice the normal value. Based on these findings, the nurse should observe the client for which pathophysiological condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated amylase/lipase, pain radiating to the back, vomiting, and fever suggest acute pancreatitis (
A), possibly triggered by gallstones. Surgical site infection (
B) lacks pancreatic markers. Hepatorenal failure (
C) involves kidney/liver dysfunction. Biliary obstruction (
D) may elevate bilirubin, not amylase.