HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with end stage emphysema is experiencing poor gas exchange. Which respiratory structure is associated with the pathophysiological processes in emphysema?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emphysema involves alveolar wall destruction (
D), reducing gas exchange surface area, causing hypoxemia. Bronchioles (
A) are affected in asthma/bronchitis. Trachea (
B) is a conduit. Bronchi (
C) are involved in bronchitis, not emphysema.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gout results from monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints (
A), causing inflammation and pain. Chondrocyte injury (
B) relates to osteoarthritis. Immune complex/autoantibody deposition (
C) and autoimmune IgG response (
D) describe rheumatoid arthritis.
Question 3 of 5
Following a motor vehicle collision, an adult client is brought to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 72/50 mm Hg and a blood volume loss of approximately 40%. The nurse should plan care for this client based on which expected response to hemorrhaging?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemorrhage reduces blood volume, decreasing preload (
C), which lowers cardiac output and causes hypotension. Increased preload (
A) occurs in fluid overload. Hypotension triggers tachycardia, not reduced heart rate (
B). Peripheral resistance (
D) increases but is secondary.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is assessing a client with a gunshot wound to the abdomen who is admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following a 3-hour surgical procedure. Which elevated laboratory value indicates pancreatic damage?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated lipase (
A) indicates pancreatic damage from trauma, as it’s released during injury. Myoglobinuria (
B) suggests muscle damage. Elevated WBC (
C) indicates inflammation/infection, not specific to pancreas. Bilirubin (
D) reflects liver/bile issues.
Question 5 of 5
A client’s ankle is edematous after an ankle sprain. Which physiological mechanism is responsible for the swelling?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Histamine release post-sprain increases vascular permeability, causing fluid transudation and edema (
A). Bradykinin (
B) contributes to pain, not primarily edema. Thromboxane A (
C) promotes vasoconstriction. Neutrophil migration (
D) aids inflammation but isn’t the main edema cause.