HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client is being treated for a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. The nurse should prepare the client for long term follow-up to which associated problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: H. pylori infection increases gastric carcinoma risk (
A) due to chronic inflammation and mucosal changes, requiring long-term monitoring. Hypokalemia (
B) is unrelated; PPIs may rarely cause it. Kidney stones (
C) and celiac disease (
D) are not directly linked to H. pylori.
Question 2 of 5
In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or B (factor IX deficiency) (
A) impairs clotting, causing prolonged bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) affects factors II, VII, IX, X, not VIII. Low platelets (
C) cause thrombocytopenia, not hemophilia. Factors V and VII (
D) are unrelated.
Question 3 of 5
A large tree fell across the thighs of a man who works as a logger, producing a crushing injury. The muddy ground cushioned the impact and x-rays revealed no broken bones. His thighs are bruised and swollen with pedal pulses present, but the left is stronger than the right. It is most important for the nurse to include in this client’s plan of care assessment for signs of which pathophysiological condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compartment syndrome (
D) risks tissue damage from increased pressure post-crush injury, indicated by swelling, bruising, and unequal pulses. Neuropathy (
A) involves nerve damage, not acute swelling. Osteomyelitis (
B) requires bone infection. Fat embolism (
C) is less likely without fractures.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Acne vulgaris involves hyperactive sebaceous glands causing comedones, papules, and pustules on the face, neck, and upper back (
C). Skin tags (
A) are benign growths. Hyperpigmentation (
B) may follow acne but isn’t primary. Scaling plaques (
D) indicate psoriasis.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a school-aged child with Burkitt lymphoma. A review of the child’s laboratory results reveal serum calcium 8.1 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L), serum potassium 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L), and serum phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). Which pathophysiological process is associated with the child’s laboratory results?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome (
B) causes hyperkalemia (potassium 6.1 mEq/L) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL) from rapid cancer cell breakdown, common in Burkitt lymphoma. Hypocalcemia (calcium 8.1 mg/dL) also occurs. Wilms tumor (
A) affects kidneys. Superior vena cava syndrome (
C) causes swelling. Hyperleukocytosis (
D) involves high WBCs.