HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus develops an ulcer on the bottom of the foot. Which pathology is the primary contributing factor to the ability of the ulcer to heal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microvascular changes (
D) in diabetes impair blood flow, oxygen delivery, and nutrient supply, delaying ulcer healing. Sensory neuropathy (
A) contributes to ulcer formation, not healing. Hyperlipidemia (
B) affects macrovascular disease. Ketoacidosis (
C) is an acute complication, not directly affecting healing.
Question 2 of 5
An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothyroidism involves decreased T3 and T4 with increased TSH (
C) as the pituitary compensates for low thyroid hormone. Increased T3/T4 with low TSH (
A) indicates hyperthyroidism. Increased T3/TSH (
B) is inconsistent. Decreased TSH/T3/T4 (
D) suggests secondary hypothyroidism.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 36. Leukemia-induced thrombocytopenia (
B) causes bruising by delaying clotting. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) is unrelated. Phagocytic deficiency (
C) affects infections. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse admits a client with sepsis and has developed cool ecchymotic fingertips and toes. The healthcare provider determines that the client has developed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which findings support the pathophysiology of DIC?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DIC causes microthrombi and bleeding, leading to hematuria and hemoptysis (
C). Glucosuria/lethargy (
A) suggest diabetes. Frothy urine/anorexia (
B) indicate proteinuria. Polyuria/cough (
D) are unrelated.
Question 5 of 5
A client is diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use when providing the client with information about this disease prognosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ALS involves progressive motor neuron degeneration, causing fatal muscle weakness (
B), typically within 2-5 years. It’s not a spinal cord injury complication (
A). Mental changes (
C) occur in some, not all, cases. Sensory/autonomic changes (
D) are minimal.