HESI RN Patho Pharmacology | Nurselytic

Questions 54

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HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions

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Question 1 of 5

The nurse is preparing a female client with Addison’s disease for self-care afi.4 discharge. Which is the pathophysiological basis to support the need for the client to carry a cortisol kit at all times?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Addison’s disease causes cortisol deficiency; stress increases cortisol demand, risking adrenal crisis (
D). A cortisol kit prevents this. Allergic reactions (
A) require antihistamines/epinephrine. Hypertensive crisis (
B) is unrelated. Cortisol raises, not lowers, glucose (
C).

Question 2 of 5

A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gout results from monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints (
A), causing inflammation and pain. Chondrocyte injury (
B) relates to osteoarthritis. Immune complex/autoantibody deposition (
C) and autoimmune IgG response (
D) describe rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 3 of 5

In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or B (factor IX deficiency) (
A) impairs clotting, causing prolonged bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) affects factors II, VII, IX, X, not VIII. Low platelets (
C) cause thrombocytopenia, not hemophilia. Factors V and VII (
D) are unrelated.

Question 4 of 5

A client’s morning laboratory test results include hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (110 g/L) and hematocrit 34% (0.34 volume fraction). Based on these findings, this client is at risk for which pathophysiological findings?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit (11.0 g/dL, 34%) indicate mild anemia, causing fatigue and weakness (
A) from reduced oxygen delivery. Dysrhythmias (
B) occur in severe anemia. Fever/infection (
C) are unrelated. Clotting time (
D) is unaffected by anemia.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: This question is identical to Question 36. Leukemia-induced thrombocytopenia (
B) causes bruising by delaying clotting. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) is unrelated. Phagocytic deficiency (
C) affects infections. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.

Similar Questions

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Which physiological process supports the exchange of blood concentrations across a semipermeable membrane in the hemodialysis?
The development of atherosclerosis is a process of sequential events. Arrange the pathophysiological events in order of occurrence. Place the first event on top, and the last on the bottom.
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