HESI RN Patho Pharmacology | Nurselytic

Questions 54

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HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions

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Question 1 of 5

A client who has asthma (a reactive airway disease) asks the nurse about the role of leukotrienes in this process. Leukotrienes have which immune response?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction and mucus production (
B) in asthma, worsening airway obstruction. Itching (
A) is histamine-mediated. Bradykinin (
C) is unrelated to leukotrienes. Leukotrienes act via receptors, not as antigen receptors (
D).

Question 2 of 5

The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), flank pain, and hematuria. The client’s blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg. Which pathophysiological process supports the client’s blood pressure finding?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: PKD activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (
B), increasing blood pressure via vasoconstriction and fluid retention. Fluid deficit (
A) causes hypotension. Bladder inflammation (
C) is unrelated. Mineral precipitation (
D) causes stones, not hypertension.

Question 3 of 5

In the kidney, where are the mechanisms found that are responsible for increasing urine concentration?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The loop of Henle (
D) creates a hypertonic medullary gradient via countercurrent multiplication, concentrating urine. Calyx (
A) and renal pelvis (
C) collect urine. Proximal tubule (
B) reabsorbs nutrients, not concentrates urine.

Question 4 of 5

A client with diabetes mellitus develops an ulcer on the bottom of the foot. Which pathology is the primary contributing factor to the ability of the ulcer to heal?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Microvascular changes (
D) in diabetes impair blood flow, oxygen delivery, and nutrient supply, delaying ulcer healing. Sensory neuropathy (
A) contributes to ulcer formation, not healing. Hyperlipidemia (
B) affects macrovascular disease. Ketoacidosis (
C) is an acute complication, not directly affecting healing.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acne vulgaris involves hyperactive sebaceous glands causing comedones, papules, and pustules on the face, neck, and upper back (
C). Skin tags (
A) are benign growths. Hyperpigmentation (
B) may follow acne but isn’t primary. Scaling plaques (
D) indicate psoriasis.

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The nurse is preparing a female client with Addison’s disease for self-care afi.4 discharge. Which is the pathophysiological basis to support the need for the client to carry a cortisol kit at all times?
An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?
After the nurse obtains a blood sample from a client’s right radial arterial client reports a sudden onset of pain at the arterial line insertion site. The nurse recognizes which physiological effect may be inducing the sudden pain?
After brain surgery, a male client is lethargic and is having difficulty talking. His blood pressure is 146/122 mm Hg and his urine specific gravity is 1.055. These findings are consistent with which pathophysiological response to intracranial surgery?

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