HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
When planning care for a client who is diagnosed with a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the nurse should carefully monitor for which signs and symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: AAA rupture causes flank pain and hypotension (
A) from internal bleeding. Shortness of breath and chest pain (
B) suggest thoracic issues. Absent pulses/darkened toes (
C) indicate peripheral ischemia, not AAA. Tea-colored urine (
D) suggests kidney injury, not primary AAA signs.
Question 2 of 5
A client’s morning laboratory test results include hemoglobin 11.0 g/dL (110 g/L) and hematocrit 34% (0.34 volume fraction). Based on these findings, this client is at risk for which pathophysiological findings?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low hemoglobin and hematocrit (11.0 g/dL, 34%) indicate mild anemia, causing fatigue and weakness (
A) from reduced oxygen delivery. Dysrhythmias (
B) occur in severe anemia. Fever/infection (
C) are unrelated. Clotting time (
D) is unaffected by anemia.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Which interpretation should the nurse make about the client’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage 4 CKD is defined by a severely decreased GFR (15-29 mL/min/1.73 m²) (
A), reflecting significant kidney damage. Mild (
B) and moderate (
D) decreases correspond to stages 2 and 3. Increased GFR (
C) occurs in early diabetic nephropathy, not stage 4 CKD.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for an older client who is on complete bed rest. The nurse notes hematuria when the client suddenly reports excruciating pain that radiates from the back to the groin. Which pathological process has contributed to the client’s clinical presentation of a possible renal calculi?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased calcium reabsorption (
C) causes hypercalciuria, promoting calcium stone formation, leading to pain and hematuria. Excessive urine output (
A) or fluid intake (
B) prevents stones. Serum alkalinity (
D) affects uric acid stones, not calcium.
Question 5 of 5
Which statement is true regarding myocardial functioning in the normal heart, based upon the Frank Starling law?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Frank-Starling law states that increased preload (end-diastolic volume) stretches myocardial fibers, enhancing contractility and stroke volume (
C). Increased afterload (
A) raises systolic pressure, not decreases it. Decreased afterload (
B) reduces hypertrophy. Decreased preload (
D) reduces fiber length, not increases it.