HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
When developing a teaching plan for a client with peripheral artery disease, the nurse should explain that intermittent claudication occurs as the result of which underlying pathophysiology?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intermittent claudication results from arterial occlusion (
C), causing ischemic muscle pain during activity, relieved by rest. Elevation (
A) aids venous return. Redness when dependent (
B) suggests venous issues. Muscle atrophy (
D) is a late consequence.
Question 2 of 5
Two days after admission for an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an older client’s arterial blood gas (ABG) indicate an acid base imbalance. The client’s laboratory results reveal a low hemoglobin level, an elevated creatinine clearance, and decreased urine specific gravity. Which is the most likely cause for the acid base imbalance?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic renal insufficiency (
C) causes metabolic acidosis due to impaired acid excretion and bicarbonate regulation, consistent with low hemoglobin (anemia), elevated creatinine clearance (renal dysfunction), and low urine specific gravity (poor concentration). Prior MI (
A) is unrelated. Antacids (
B) don’t cause acidosis. Exertional dyspnea (
D) may cause respiratory acidosis, not metabolic.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 36. Leukemia-induced thrombocytopenia (
B) causes bruising by delaying clotting. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) is unrelated. Phagocytic deficiency (
C) affects infections. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 10. Acne vulgaris causes comedones, papules, and pustules from sebaceous hyperactivity (
C) on face/neck/back. Skin tags (
A) are benign. Hyperpigmentation (
B) follows acne. Scaling plaques (
D) indicate psoriasis. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 5 of 5
A client with diabetes mellitus develops an ulcer on the bottom of the foot. Which pathology is the primary contributing factor to the ability of the ulcer to heal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Microvascular changes (
D) in diabetes impair blood flow, oxygen delivery, and nutrient supply, delaying ulcer healing. Sensory neuropathy (
A) contributes to ulcer formation, not healing. Hyperlipidemia (
B) affects macrovascular disease. Ketoacidosis (
C) is an acute complication, not directly affecting healing.