HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), flank pain, and hematuria. The client’s blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg. Which pathophysiological process supports the client’s blood pressure finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PKD activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (
B), increasing blood pressure via vasoconstriction and fluid retention. Fluid deficit (
A) causes hypotension. Bladder inflammation (
C) is unrelated. Mineral precipitation (
D) causes stones, not hypertension.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse assesses the wound of a client who received sutures for a laceration of the hand two days ago. Which finding is a normal inflammatory response?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Redness and localized heat (
D) are normal inflammatory responses, indicating increased blood flow and immune activity. Shivering (
A) suggests systemic issues. Purulent drainage (
B) indicates infection. A temperature of 102°F (38.9°C, corrected from 37.8°
C) (
C) suggests infection, not normal healing.
Question 3 of 5
A client is being treated for a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. The nurse should prepare the client for long term follow-up to which associated problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: H. pylori infection increases gastric carcinoma risk (
A) due to chronic inflammation and mucosal changes, requiring long-term monitoring. Hypokalemia (
B) is unrelated; PPIs may rarely cause it. Kidney stones (
C) and celiac disease (
D) are not directly linked to H. pylori.
Question 4 of 5
A client’s ankle is edematous after an ankle sprain. Which physiological mechanism is responsible for the swelling?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Histamine release post-sprain increases vascular permeability, causing fluid transudation and edema (
A). Bradykinin (
B) contributes to pain, not primarily edema. Thromboxane A (
C) promotes vasoconstriction. Neutrophil migration (
D) aids inflammation but isn’t the main edema cause.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for an immobilized client who is at risk for breakdown in skin integrity. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse note early in the development of a pressure injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Early pressure injury involves ischemia and inflammation, causing erythematous skin (
D). Epidermal fragility (
A) is later. Blisters (
B) suggest friction. Necrosis/eschar (
C) indicates advanced stages.