HESI RN Patho Pharmacology | Nurselytic

Questions 54

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HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions

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Question 1 of 5

Three days after a cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, a client reports persistent upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back. The client has vomited three times in the last 12 hours and has a temperature of 101.8° F (38.7° C). Serum amylase and lipase are twice the normal value. Based on these findings, the nurse should observe the client for which pathophysiological condition?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Elevated amylase/lipase, pain radiating to the back, vomiting, and fever suggest acute pancreatitis (
A), possibly triggered by gallstones. Surgical site infection (
B) lacks pancreatic markers. Hepatorenal failure (
C) involves kidney/liver dysfunction. Biliary obstruction (
D) may elevate bilirubin, not amylase.

Question 2 of 5

A client who has asthma (a reactive airway disease) asks the nurse about the role of leukotrienes in this process. Leukotrienes have which immune response?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leukotrienes cause bronchoconstriction and mucus production (
B) in asthma, worsening airway obstruction. Itching (
A) is histamine-mediated. Bradykinin (
C) is unrelated to leukotrienes. Leukotrienes act via receptors, not as antigen receptors (
D).

Question 3 of 5

The nurse is caring for a school-aged child with Burkitt lymphoma. A review of the child’s laboratory results reveal serum calcium 8.1 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L), serum potassium 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L), and serum phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). Which pathophysiological process is associated with the child’s laboratory results?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome (
B) causes hyperkalemia (potassium 6.1 mEq/L) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL) from rapid cancer cell breakdown, common in Burkitt lymphoma. Hypocalcemia (calcium 8.1 mg/dL) also occurs. Wilms tumor (
A) affects kidneys. Superior vena cava syndrome (
C) causes swelling. Hyperleukocytosis (
D) involves high WBCs.

Question 4 of 5

The nurse is caring for a young adult who reports uncontrolled acne vulgaris. Which pathological findings should the nurse observe on inspection of skin areas commonly affected in acne vulgaris?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: This question is identical to Question 10. Acne vulgaris causes comedones, papules, and pustules from sebaceous hyperactivity (
C) on face/neck/back. Skin tags (
A) are benign. Hyperpigmentation (
B) follows acne. Scaling plaques (
D) indicate psoriasis. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is providing care for a client with a diagnosis of otosclerosis due to previous ear surgeries. Which type of pathological hearing loss supports the client’s clinical history?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Otosclerosis causes conductive hearing loss (
B) by immobilizing the stapes, impairing sound transmission. Presbycusis (
A) is age-related sensorineural loss. Endolymphatic (
C) relates to Ménière’s disease. Sensorineural loss (
D) involves inner ear/nerve damage.

Similar Questions

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An older male reports to the clinic nurse that he sometimes feels chest pressure and becomes breathless. He further describes an event where he had to sit for about one hour before he felt better. He is asymptomatic at rest, but is concerned that he has had a heart attack. This clinical picture is consistent with which cardiac ischemic event?
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An adult client with extreme fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and bradycardia is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which laboratory findings is this client likely to exhibit?

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