HESI RN Patho Pharmacology

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This question is identical to Question 39. Urate crystal deposition (
A) causes gout(Projected) gout’s inflammatory symptoms. Osteoarthritis involves chondrocyte injury (
B). Rheumatoid arthritis involves immune complexes (
C) or autoimmune responses (
D). Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse is caring for a school-aged child with Burkitt lymphoma. A review of the child’s laboratory results reveal serum calcium 8.1 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L), serum potassium 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L), and serum phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). Which pathophysiological process is associated with the child’s laboratory results?

A. Wilm’s tumor. B. Tumor lysis syndrome. C. Superior vena cava syndrome. D. Hyperleukocytosis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome (
B) causes hyperkalemia (potassium 6.1 mEq/L) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL) from rapid cancer cell breakdown, common in Burkitt lymphoma. Hypocalcemia (calcium 8.1 mg/dL) also occurs. Wilms tumor (
A) affects kidneys. Superior vena cava syndrome (
C) causes swelling. Hyperleukocytosis (
D) involves high WBCs.

Question 3 of 5

A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?

A. Deposition of crystals in the synovial space of the joints produces inflammation and irritation. B. Chondrocyte injury destroys joint cartilage, producing osteophytes and joint inflammation. C. An immune complex and autoantibody deposition in connective tissue results in inflammation. D. An autoimmune inflammation involving IgG response to an antigen causes joint destruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This question is identical to Question 39. Urate crystal deposition (
A) causes gout(Projected) gout’s inflammatory symptoms. Osteoarthritis involves chondrocyte injury (
B). Rheumatoid arthritis involves immune complexes (
C) or autoimmune responses (
D). Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.

Question 4 of 5

Following a motor vehicle collision, an adult client is brought to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 72/50 mm Hg and a blood volume loss of approximately 40%. The nurse should plan care for this client based on which expected response to hemorrhaging?

A. Increased preload that results in generalized peripheral edema. B. The lowered blood pressure results in a reduction of the heart rate. C. Decreased preload that can lead to decreased cardiac output. D. Increased peripheral resistance resulting from poor renal perfusion.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hemorrhage reduces blood volume, decreasing preload (
C), which lowers cardiac output and causes hypotension. Increased preload (
A) occurs in fluid overload. Hypotension triggers tachycardia, not reduced heart rate (
B). Peripheral resistance (
D) increases but is secondary.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse assesses the wound of a client who received sutures for a laceration of the hand two days ago. Which finding is a normal inflammatory response?

A. Shivering. B. Purulent drainage. C. Temperature of 102° F (37.8° C). D. Redness and localized heat.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Redness and localized heat (
D) are normal inflammatory responses, indicating increased blood flow and immune activity. Shivering (
A) suggests systemic issues. Purulent drainage (
B) indicates infection. A temperature of 102°F (38.9°C, corrected from 37.8°
C) (
C) suggests infection, not normal healing.

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