HESI RN Patho Pharmacology | Nurselytic

Questions 54

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HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions

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Question 1 of 5

Which explanation should the nurse give to a male client on why benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often causes urinary retention?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: BPH enlarges the prostate, compressing the urethra (
C), obstructing urine flow and causing retention. Bladder tone loss (
A) is secondary. Inflammation (
B) relates to prostatitis. Nerve compression (
D) is not primary.

Question 2 of 5

A client is diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Which pathophysiological process should the nurse use when providing the client with information about this disease prognosis?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: ALS involves progressive motor neuron degeneration, causing fatal muscle weakness (
B), typically within 2-5 years. It’s not a spinal cord injury complication (
A). Mental changes (
C) occur in some, not all, cases. Sensory/autonomic changes (
D) are minimal.

Question 3 of 5

A client is being treated for a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. The nurse should prepare the client for long term follow-up to which associated problem?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: H. pylori infection increases gastric carcinoma risk (
A) due to chronic inflammation and mucosal changes, requiring long-term monitoring. Hypokalemia (
B) is unrelated; PPIs may rarely cause it. Kidney stones (
C) and celiac disease (
D) are not directly linked to H. pylori.

Question 4 of 5

A client reports experiencing blurry central vision that has recently worsened. Which pathological process supports the client’s subjective report?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Blurry central vision suggests macular ischemia from blocked retinal capillaries (
A), as in diabetic retinopathy or vein occlusion. Opaque lens lines (
B) indicate cataracts, causing glare. Retinal tears (
C) cause floaters/shadows. Increased intraocular pressure (
D) is glaucoma, affecting peripheral vision.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is caring for a client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Which interpretation should the nurse make about the client’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stage 4 CKD is defined by a severely decreased GFR (15-29 mL/min/1.73 m²) (
A), reflecting significant kidney damage. Mild (
B) and moderate (
D) decreases correspond to stages 2 and 3. Increased GFR (
C) occurs in early diabetic nephropathy, not stage 4 CKD.

Similar Questions

In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?
A client received midazolam 2 mg and morphine sulfate 4 mg for a liver biopsy. After the procedure, the nurse positions the client on the right side and monitors the vital signs. Which is the physiological reason for the nurse’s intervention?
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
The nurse is caring for a client who is admitted with polycystic kidney disease (PKD), flank pain, and hematuria. The client’s blood pressure is 180/100 mm Hg. Which pathophysiological process supports the client’s blood pressure finding?
During an interview with a male client who has Parkinson’s disease (PD), the nurse notices that he is drooling and mumbling. Which pathophysiological factor contributes to the client’s inability to express himself?

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