HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A postmenopausal client presenting to the clinic with describing abdominal pain and an episode of unexplained vaginal Nearing receives a Pap smear (Papanicolaou test). Which medical history information should the nurse expect places the client at most risk for developing cervical cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HPV (
C), especially high-risk strains (16, 18), is the primary risk factor for cervical cancer, causing cellular changes in the cervix. HSV (
A) may increase HPV acquisition risk but isn’t directly causative. Vulvovaginitis (
B) and yeast infections (
D) cause inflammation but lack a direct link to cervical cancer.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a school-aged child with Burkitt lymphoma. A review of the child’s laboratory results reveal serum calcium 8.1 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L), serum potassium 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L), and serum phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). Which pathophysiological process is associated with the child’s laboratory results?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome (
B) causes hyperkalemia (potassium 6.1 mEq/L) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL) from rapid cancer cell breakdown, common in Burkitt lymphoma. Hypocalcemia (calcium 8.1 mg/dL) also occurs. Wilms tumor (
A) affects kidneys. Superior vena cava syndrome (
C) causes swelling. Hyperleukocytosis (
D) involves high WBCs.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is triaging a client with type 1 diabetes mellitus who presented to the emergency department with increased lethargy and Kussmaul respirations. A blood glucose test reveals a level of 525 mg/dL (28 mmol/L). Which laboratory results are consistent with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: DKA involves metabolic acidosis; pH 7.25 and bicarbonate 10 mEq/L (
C) indicate acidosis and bicarbonate depletion. pH 7.5 and bicarbonate 32 (
A) suggest alkalosis. pH 7.42 and bicarbonate 18 (
B) are near normal. pH 7.38 and bicarbonate 29 (
D) are normal.
Question 4 of 5
In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or B (factor IX deficiency) (
A) impairs clotting, causing prolonged bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) affects factors II, VII, IX, X, not VIII. Low platelets (
C) cause thrombocytopenia, not hemophilia. Factors V and VII (
D) are unrelated.
Question 5 of 5
An older male reports to the clinic nurse that he sometimes feels chest pressure and becomes breathless. He further describes an event where he had to sit for about one hour before he felt better. He is asymptomatic at rest, but is concerned that he has had a heart attack. This clinical picture is consistent with which cardiac ischemic event?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stable angina (
C) causes predictable chest pressure with exertion, relieved by rest, as described. MI (
A) involves prolonged pain and necrosis, not relieved by rest. Unstable angina (
B) occurs at rest or with increasing severity. Prinzmetal angina (
D) is due to coronary spasm, often at rest with ECG changes.