HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for an immobilized client who is at risk for breakdown in skin integrity. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse note early in the development of a pressure injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Early pressure injury involves ischemia and inflammation, causing erythematous skin (
D). Epidermal fragility (
A) is later. Blisters (
B) suggest friction. Necrosis/eschar (
C) indicates advanced stages.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 36. Leukemia-induced thrombocytopenia (
B) causes bruising by delaying clotting. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) is unrelated. Phagocytic deficiency (
C) affects infections. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing a female client with Addison’s disease for self-care afi.4 discharge. Which is the pathophysiological basis to support the need for the client to carry a cortisol kit at all times?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison’s disease causes cortisol deficiency; stress increases cortisol demand, risking adrenal crisis (
D). A cortisol kit prevents this. Allergic reactions (
A) require antihistamines/epinephrine. Hypertensive crisis (
B) is unrelated. Cortisol raises, not lowers, glucose (
C).
Question 4 of 5
A large tree fell across the thighs of a man who works as a logger, producing a crushing injury. The muddy ground cushioned the impact and x-rays revealed no broken bones. His thighs are bruised and swollen with pedal pulses present, but the left is stronger than the right. It is most important for the nurse to include in this client’s plan of care assessment for signs of which pathophysiological condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compartment syndrome (
D) risks tissue damage from increased pressure post-crush injury, indicated by swelling, bruising, and unequal pulses. Neuropathy (
A) involves nerve damage, not acute swelling. Osteomyelitis (
B) requires bone infection. Fat embolism (
C) is less likely without fractures.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SIRS from trauma involves a systemic inflammatory response progressing to multiple organ dysfunction (
A). AKI (
B) is a specific organ injury, not the overarching process. Intestinal obstruction (
C) is unrelated unless perforated. Sepsis (
D) involves infection, not specified here.