HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with stage 4 chronic kidney disease. Which interpretation should the nurse make about the client’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stage 4 CKD is defined by a severely decreased GFR (15-29 mL/min/1.73 m²) (
A), reflecting significant kidney damage. Mild (
B) and moderate (
D) decreases correspond to stages 2 and 3. Increased GFR (
C) occurs in early diabetic nephropathy, not stage 4 CKD.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for an immobilized client who is at risk for breakdown in skin integrity. Which pathophysiological process should the nurse note early in the development of a pressure injury?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Early pressure injury involves ischemia and inflammation, causing erythematous skin (
D). Epidermal fragility (
A) is later. Blisters (
B) suggest friction. Necrosis/eschar (
C) indicates advanced stages.
Question 3 of 5
When planning care for a client who is diagnosed with a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the nurse should carefully monitor for which signs and symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: AAA rupture causes flank pain and hypotension (
A) from internal bleeding. Shortness of breath and chest pain (
B) suggest thoracic issues. Absent pulses/darkened toes (
C) indicate peripheral ischemia, not AAA. Tea-colored urine (
D) suggests kidney injury, not primary AAA signs.
Question 4 of 5
A client is being treated for a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. The nurse should prepare the client for long term follow-up to which associated problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: H. pylori infection increases gastric carcinoma risk (
A) due to chronic inflammation and mucosal changes, requiring long-term monitoring. Hypokalemia (
B) is unrelated; PPIs may rarely cause it. Kidney stones (
C) and celiac disease (
D) are not directly linked to H. pylori.
Question 5 of 5
During an interview with a male client who has Parkinson’s disease (PD), the nurse notices that he is drooling and mumbling. Which pathophysiological factor contributes to the client’s inability to express himself?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: PD involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia (
B), causing motor symptoms like bradykinesia and rigidity, impairing speech. Broca’s area damage (
A) causes aphasia, not PD-related. Amyloid plaques (
C) indicate Alzheimer’s. Pharyngeal paralysis (
D) causes dysphagia, not speech issues.