HESI RN Patho Pharmacology | Nurselytic

Questions 54

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HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions

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Question 1 of 5

A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) develops a gangrenous toe and is admitted for possible amputation. Which pathophysiological consequence of DM has contributed to this client’s complication?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Peripheral neuropathy (
C) from prolonged hyperglycemia damages sensory nerves, reducing pain perception and leading to unnoticed foot injuries, infections, and gangrene. CKD (
A) affects kidneys, not directly causing gangrene. Retinopathy (
B) impacts eyes. Hypertension (
D) exacerbates vascular issues but is secondary to neuropathy in this context.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse is explaining the underlying cause of bruising with a client who is recently diagnosed with acute leukemia. Which pathophysiology is a result of the myeloblastic dysfunction of leukemia?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leukemia causes thrombocytopenia (insufficient platelets) (
B), delaying clotting and causing bruising. Oxyhemoglobin (
A) relates to oxygen transport. Phagocytic cell deficiency (
C) increases infection risk. Iron deficiency (
D) causes anemia, not bruising.

Question 3 of 5

When planning care for a client who is diagnosed with a large abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the nurse should carefully monitor for which signs and symptoms?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: AAA rupture causes flank pain and hypotension (
A) from internal bleeding. Shortness of breath and chest pain (
B) suggest thoracic issues. Absent pulses/darkened toes (
C) indicate peripheral ischemia, not AAA. Tea-colored urine (
D) suggests kidney injury, not primary AAA signs.

Question 4 of 5

A client with end stage emphysema is experiencing poor gas exchange. Which respiratory structure is associated with the pathophysiological processes in emphysema?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Emphysema involves alveolar wall destruction (
D), reducing gas exchange surface area, causing hypoxemia. Bronchioles (
A) are affected in asthma/bronchitis. Trachea (
B) is a conduit. Bronchi (
C) are involved in bronchitis, not emphysema.

Question 5 of 5

During an interview with a male client who has Parkinson’s disease (PD), the nurse notices that he is drooling and mumbling. Which pathophysiological factor contributes to the client’s inability to express himself?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: PD involves degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia (
B), causing motor symptoms like bradykinesia and rigidity, impairing speech. Broca’s area damage (
A) causes aphasia, not PD-related. Amyloid plaques (
C) indicate Alzheimer’s. Pharyngeal paralysis (
D) causes dysphagia, not speech issues.

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Three days after a cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, a client reports persistent upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back. The client has vomited three times in the last 12 hours and has a temperature of 101.8° F (38.7° C). Serum amylase and lipase are twice the normal value. Based on these findings, the nurse should observe the client for which pathophysiological condition?
A large tree fell across the thighs of a man who works as a logger, producing a crushing injury. The muddy ground cushioned the impact and x-rays revealed no broken bones. His thighs are bruised and swollen with pedal pulses present, but the left is stronger than the right. It is most important for the nurse to include in this client’s plan of care assessment for signs of which pathophysiological condition?
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