HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or B (factor IX deficiency) (
A) impairs clotting, causing prolonged bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) affects factors II, VII, IX, X, not VIII. Low platelets (
C) cause thrombocytopenia, not hemophilia. Factors V and VII (
D) are unrelated.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is preparing a female client with Addison’s disease for self-care afi.4 discharge. Which is the pathophysiological basis to support the need for the client to carry a cortisol kit at all times?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Addison’s disease causes cortisol deficiency; stress increases cortisol demand, risking adrenal crisis (
D). A cortisol kit prevents this. Allergic reactions (
A) require antihistamines/epinephrine. Hypertensive crisis (
B) is unrelated. Cortisol raises, not lowers, glucose (
C).
Question 3 of 5
A client with a sudden onset of big toe joint pain and swelling is diagnosed with gout. Which pathophysiologic process is producing the symptoms of gout?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gout results from monosodium urate crystal deposition in joints (
A), causing inflammation and pain. Chondrocyte injury (
B) relates to osteoarthritis. Immune complex/autoantibody deposition (
C) and autoimmune IgG response (
D) describe rheumatoid arthritis.
Question 4 of 5
A male client with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) develops a gangrenous toe and is admitted for possible amputation. Which pathophysiological consequence of DM has contributed to this client’s complication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral neuropathy (
C) from prolonged hyperglycemia damages sensory nerves, reducing pain perception and leading to unnoticed foot injuries, infections, and gangrene. CKD (
A) affects kidneys, not directly causing gangrene. Retinopathy (
B) impacts eyes. Hypertension (
D) exacerbates vascular issues but is secondary to neuropathy in this context.
Question 5 of 5
An older male reports to the clinic nurse that he sometimes feels chest pressure and becomes breathless. He further describes an event where he had to sit for about one hour before he felt better. He is asymptomatic at rest, but is concerned that he has had a heart attack. This clinical picture is consistent with which cardiac ischemic event?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stable angina (
C) causes predictable chest pressure with exertion, relieved by rest, as described. MI (
A) involves prolonged pain and necrosis, not relieved by rest. Unstable angina (
B) occurs at rest or with increasing severity. Prinzmetal angina (
D) is due to coronary spasm, often at rest with ECG changes.