HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
When preparing to apply a scheduled fentanyl transdermal patch, the nurse notes that the previously applied patch is intact on the client's upper back and the client denies pain. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fentanyl patches are replaced every 72 hours in a new location after removing the old patch to prevent overdose. Oral analgesics, provider consultation, or dual patches are inappropriate.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in the patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential. Photosensitivity, salt substitutes (often potassium-based), and bruising are less relevant.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is administering SUBQ enoxaparin to a client following knee replacement surgery to prevent a deep vein thrombosis. Which laboratory result requires immediate action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A platelet count of 100,000/mm3 indicates thrombocytopenia, increasing bleeding risk with enoxaparin, requiring immediate action. Normal BUN, creatinine, and hematocrit do not warrant urgency.
Question 4 of 5
Rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is prescribed for a female client with early stage Alzheimer's Disease. The client's daughter tells the nurse that she plans to start administering the drug when her mother's symptoms are no longer manageable, in hopes that her mother will not have to go to a nursing home. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rivastigmine is most effective early in Alzheimer’s to manage symptoms and slow progression. Delaying until symptoms worsen reduces efficacy. Assessing mental status or confirming disease progression is secondary to correcting the timing misconception.
Question 5 of 5
Based on the capillary glucose measurement, a client is to receive 10 units of regular insulin. The client's medication drawer contains one vial of a 70/30 mixture of regular insulin and isophane insulin. How should the nurse prepare the prescribed dose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 70/30 vial contains 30% regular insulin, so 10 units yields only 3 units regular insulin. Withholding until regular insulin is available ensures accurate dosing.