HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in the patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential. Photosensitivity, salt substitutes (often potassium-based), and bruising are less relevant.
Question 2 of 5
A client who has dysphagia after a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) receives a new prescription for lansoprazole capsules via nasogastric tube (NGT). Which action should the nurse implement prior to administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lansoprazole granules are mixed with water for NGT administration to ensure proper delivery. Tablets are unsuitable, crushing alters efficacy, and applesauce is inappropriate for tube administration.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing to administer warfarin sodium 10 mg PO to a client whose international normalized ratio (INR) is 5.0. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An INR of 5.0 indicates excessive anticoagulation, increasing bleeding risk. Withholding warfarin for 24 hours and consulting the provider is appropriate. Administering, discontinuing, or retesting immediately are less prioritized.
Question 4 of 5
An increase in which serum lab value indicates to the nurse that a prescription for atorvastatin is having the desired effect for a client at risk for coronary artery disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atorvastatin lowers LDL and raises HDL to reduce coronary artery disease risk. An increase in HDL indicates a beneficial effect. Increased LDL, PT, or CK (indicating muscle damage) are not desired.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse administers risedronate to a client with osteoporosis at 0700. The client asks for a glass of milk to drink with the medication. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Risedronate requires an empty stomach and water only to ensure absorption. Milk’s calcium reduces efficacy. Withholding until breakfast, consulting the pharmacist, or providing milk are incorrect.