HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Patient Data
The client is a 54-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. He takes spironolactone 25 mg per day, metformin 500 mg twice a day, and 25 units of insulin glargine.
History and PhysicalOrders
prescription for captopril 25mg by mouth twice a day
Find information about a client below.
Exhibits
The client is in the provider’s office for a physical. He states that he has been monitoring his blood pressure, but it is continuing to go up.
Question 1 of 5
The physician has given the client a prescription for captopril.Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statement(s) by selecting from the lists of options provided. Captopril is a ------------ that works by------------------.
Correct Answer: B,E
Rationale: Captopril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to II, relaxing blood vessels, and lowering blood pressure. Non-steroidal, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and aldosterone antagonists are different classes.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
The nurse prepares to administer a scheduled dose of labetalol by mouth to a client with hypertension. The client’s vital signs are temperature 99° F (37.2° C), heart rate 48 beats/minute, respirations 16 breaths/minute, and blood pressure (B/P) 150/90 mm Hg. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Labetalol, a beta-blocker, can worsen bradycardia (heart rate 48 beats/minute). Withholding the dose and notifying the provider prevents potential cardiac complications, such as severe bradycardia or heart block, prioritizing client safety.
Question 3 of 5
A client is receiving intravenous (IV) vancomycin and the nurse plans to draw blood for a peak and trough to determine the serum level of the drug. Which collection times provide the best determination of these levels?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Peak vancomycin levels, reflecting maximum concentration, are best measured one hour after IV dose completion. Trough levels, indicating minimum concentration, are drawn one hour before the next dose. This timing ensures accurate monitoring of therapeutic levels and prevents toxicity.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has Parkinson’s disease and is prescribed an anticholinergic. Which of the following therapeutic outcomes should the nurse expect to see?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Anticholinergics reduce tremors in Parkinson’s by balancing acetylcholine and dopamine. They do not relieve depression, delay disease progression, or improve bladder function (they may worsen it due to urinary retention).
Question 5 of 5
A client on alcohol withdrawal protocol suddenly begins to have a seizure in his bed. After several minutes the seizure has not ended and the nurse suspects the client is suffering from status epilepticus. What is the priority action the nurse will take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Status epilepticus requires immediate seizure cessation to prevent brain damage. IV lorazepam is the priority to stop the seizure. Lowering to the floor, waiting, or calling a code delays critical intervention.