HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
History and Physical
The client is a 26-year-old female with acute appendicitis. She has a 12-year history of type 1 diabetes and no other significant medical history. The appendectomy was completed without issue, and the client will be admitted to the surgical floor to recover.
Nurses notes
0730
Admitted the client. She is awake and alert. She rates her pain 2/10. Her pulses are equal bilaterally. Heart rate is 76 beats per minute, normal sinus rhythm. Her oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. She has a gauze dressing over her surgical site, which is clean and dry. Her temperature is 98.5° F (37° C). She urinated 50 ml upon arrival in the unit and is stating she is very thirsty. The patient states her last insulin glargine dose was this morning before surgery.
Laboratory results
Point of care blood glucose 279 mg/dL (15.5 mmol/L)
Orders
Admit to the surgical floor
Dextrose 5% and 0.9% sodium chloride to infuse at 125 mL/hr
Advance diet as tolerated
Insulin glargine 12 units subcutaneous every 12 hours
Ceftriaxone 2 g IV every 24 hours for 3 days, first dose given in surgery
Insulin lispro 1 unit subcutaneously per 15 carbohydrates
Flow sheet
2 units of insulin lispro given
The nurse administers the insulin lispro at 0745 and documents it in the chart.
Question 1 of 5
Exhibits:Choose the most likely options for the information missing from the statement(s) by selecting from the lists of options provided.The nurse should expect for the insulin lispro to start working at ____ and to peak at ____.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: Insulin lispro, a rapid-acting insulin, begins working in 10-20 minutes and peaks at 1-2 hours, aligning with its pharmacokinetic profile for rapid glucose control. The 15-30 minute onset is less accurate.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
The healthcare provider prescribes the antibiotic tetracycline HCl for an adult client that arrived at an outpatient clinic. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracycline causes photosensitivity, increasing sunburn risk. Instructing the client to protect their skin from sunlight prevents skin damage. Orange juice, milk, or antacids reduce absorption, and serum levels are not routinely monitored for tetracycline.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is administering the muscle relaxant baclofen by mouth (PO) to a client diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Baclofen can cause dizziness or orthostatic hypotension, increasing fall risk in clients with multiple sclerosis, who may already have impaired coordination. Advising slow, cautious movement when rising and walking is the most critical intervention to prevent falls. Monitoring intake/output or muscle strength is not directly related to baclofen’s side effects, and abrupt discontinuation risks withdrawal.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing instructions about a client’s new medications. How should the nurse explain the purpose of probenecid, a uricosuric drug?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Probenecid increases uric acid excretion in urine, reducing blood levels and preventing gout attacks. It does not affect kidney stone formation, urine stream strength, or urinary pain, making uric acid excretion the correct purpose.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse initiates an infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam for a client with a urinary tract infection. Five minutes into the infusion, the client reports not feeling well. Which client manifestation should the nurse identify as a reason to stop the infusion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A scratchy throat may signal an allergic reaction to piperacillin-tazobactam, a penicillin derivative, potentially progressing to anaphylaxis. Stopping the infusion immediately prevents severe complications. Pupillary constriction, hypertension, and bradycardia are not typical allergic responses and require monitoring but not immediate cessation.