HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Which instruction should the nurse include when teaching a client about self-administration of a bulk-forming laxative?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bulk-forming laxatives require adequate water to form a gel-like stool, preventing obstruction. Dairy avoidance, specific timing, and upright posture are less critical.
Question 2 of 5
A client receives a prescription for methotrexate. Which information provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Methotrexate is teratogenic and contraindicated in pregnancy due to fetal harm risks. Weekly platelet counts monitor bone marrow suppression, folic acid mitigates side effects (though not specifically for liver protection), and room temperature storage is correct.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare provider prescribes the anticoagulant heparin for a client with a pulmonary embolism. Before initiating the medication, the nurse should ensure that which drug is readily available in case of heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate reverses heparin’s anticoagulant effects in overdose. Warfarin and vitamin K are for other anticoagulants, and diphenhydramine is unrelated.
Question 4 of 5
An increase in which serum lab value indicates to the nurse that a prescription for atorvastatin is having the desired effect for a client at risk for coronary artery disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atorvastatin lowers LDL and raises HDL to reduce coronary artery disease risk. An increase in HDL indicates a beneficial effect. Increased LDL, PT, or CK (indicating muscle damage) are not desired.
Question 5 of 5
A male client reports to the nurse that he is experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) distress from a high dose of a corticosteroid and is planning to stop taking the medication. In response to the client's statement, which nursing action is most important for the nurse to implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abruptly stopping corticosteroids risks adrenal insufficiency. Advising gradual tapering is critical. Assessing other effects, taking with food, or reviewing dosing are secondary.