HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
History and Physical
The client is a 54-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. He takes spironolactone 25 mg per day, metformin 500 mg twice a day, and 25 units of insulin glargine.
Laboratory Test
Hemoglobin A1C
• Result: 6.8%
• Reference Range: 4-5.9%
Serum Creatinine
• Result: 1 mg/dL (88.4 μmol/L)
• Reference Range: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL (44-97 μmol/L)
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
• Result: 9 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 10-20 mg/dL (3.6-7.1 mmol/L)
Sodium
• Result: 136 mEq/L (136 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 136-145 mEq/L (136-145 mmol/L)
Potassium
• Result: 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 3.5-5 mEq/L (3.5-5 mmol/L)
Blood Glucose
• Result: 109 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 74-106 mg/dL (4.1-5.9 mmol/L)
Question 1 of 5
The nurse reviews the lab values."What questions can the nurse ask the client based on the lab results? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Without specific lab values, general questions about urinary urgency (renal function), salt substitutes (potassium intake), itching/hives (allergic reactions), supplements (drug interactions), and dry skin (electrolyte imbalances) are relevant to monitor captopril/spironolactone effects.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse reviews the lab values."What questions can the nurse ask the client based on the lab results? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Without specific lab values, general questions about urinary urgency (renal function), salt substitutes (potassium intake), itching/hives (allergic reactions), supplements (drug interactions), and dry skin (electrolyte imbalances) are relevant to monitor captopril/spironolactone effects.
Extract:
Question 3 of 5
A male client with a history of heart failure (HF) complains of heartburn when he lies down after dinner. The home health nurse should encourage the client to talk to the healthcare provider about using which over-the-counter medication to relieve this problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heartburn suggests gastroesophageal reflux disease (GER
D), common in heart failure. Low sodium antacids neutralize stomach acid without exacerbating fluid retention, unlike high-sodium options. Diphenhydramine, aspirin, and acetaminophen do not relieve heartburn and are inappropriate for GERD.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing a discharge teaching plan for a client who is taking ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets, which were prescribed because of a suspected anthrax exposure. Which instruction(s) should be included in the teaching plan? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin is linked to tendonitis and rupture, requiring immediate reporting of tendon pain/swelling. Increased fluid intake prevents crystalluria, a side effect. Crushing tablets may alter efficacy, and NSAIDs increase seizure risk with ciprofloxacin, making these incorrect.
Question 5 of 5
A client with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client’s plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods like bananas prevents dangerous potassium elevations, which can lead to arrhythmias. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, and bruising or photosensitivity are not primary concerns.