HESI RN
RN Medical Surgical Hesi Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is preparing an older client for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast. Which laboratory value should the nurse report to the healthcare provider before the scan is performed?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Serum creatinine of 1.9 mg/dL (169 umol/L) indicates moderate renal insufficiency, which can increase the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy, a sudden deterioration of kidney function after exposure to contrast media used for imaging studies such as MRI. This should be reported to the healthcare provider to assess the risk and benefit of the procedure and to take preventive measures such as hydration or alternative imaging modalities.
Question 2 of 5
A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia has a CD4+ T cell count of 200 cells/mm³ (20%). The client asks the nurse why they have these recurring massive infections. Which pathophysiologic mechanism should the nurse describe in response to this client's question?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inadequate numbers of CD4+ T cells, due to HIV infection, impair cellular immunity, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.
Question 3 of 5
A patient experiences residual effects following an acute attack of Ménière's disease and receives a new prescription for an antihistamine. Which assessment finding indicates that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ambulating easily without vertigo indicates the antihistamine is effective, as it reduces fluid buildup in the inner ear, relieving vertigo, a common symptom of Ménière's disease.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who had a cholecystectomy two days ago. The client is febrile, reporting upper abdominal pain radiating to the back and has had three episodes of vomiting in the last 8 hours. The nurse reviews the client's serum amylase and lipase level results which are twice the normal value. Based on these findings, the nurse should recognize the client is exhibiting symptoms of which condition?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis is indicated by fever, upper abdominal pain radiating to the back, vomiting, and elevated amylase and lipase levels, likely triggered by the cholecystectomy.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse prepares a teaching plan for an adult client with metabolic syndrome. Which finding(s) should the nurse address to help the client reduce the risk for diabetes mellitus and vascular disease? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, increased triglyceride levels, and hyperglycemia are components of metabolic syndrome that increase the risk of diabetes and vascular disease, requiring intervention.