HESI RN
HESI RN Patho Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is caring for a school-aged child with Burkitt lymphoma. A review of the child’s laboratory results reveal serum calcium 8.1 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L), serum potassium 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L), and serum phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL (3.6 mmol/L). Which pathophysiological process is associated with the child’s laboratory results?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tumor lysis syndrome (
B) causes hyperkalemia (potassium 6.1 mEq/L) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphorus 5.9 mg/dL) from rapid cancer cell breakdown, common in Burkitt lymphoma. Hypocalcemia (calcium 8.1 mg/dL) also occurs. Wilms tumor (
A) affects kidneys. Superior vena cava syndrome (
C) causes swelling. Hyperleukocytosis (
D) involves high WBCs.
Question 2 of 5
A client with end stage emphysema is experiencing poor gas exchange. Which respiratory structure is associated with the pathophysiological processes in emphysema?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Emphysema involves alveolar wall destruction (
D), reducing gas exchange surface area, causing hypoxemia. Bronchioles (
A) are affected in asthma/bronchitis. Trachea (
B) is a conduit. Bronchi (
C) are involved in bronchitis, not emphysema.
Question 3 of 5
After brain surgery, a male client is lethargic and is having difficulty talking. His blood pressure is 146/122 mm Hg and his urine specific gravity is 1.055. These findings are consistent with which pathophysiological response to intracranial surgery?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SIADH (
B) causes water retention, concentrated urine (high specific gravity, 1.055), and hyponatremia, leading to lethargy, speech difficulty, and hypertension from cerebral edema. ADH hyposecretion (
A) causes dilute urine. Hypopituitarism (
C) affects multiple hormones. Septic shock (
D) involves hypotension.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who experienced multiple invasive trauma from a motor vehicle collision and has developed systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Which pathophysiological process is most likely associated with the development of SIRS in this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SIRS from trauma involves a systemic inflammatory response progressing to multiple organ dysfunction (
A). AKI (
B) is a specific organ injury, not the overarching process. Intestinal obstruction (
C) is unrelated unless perforated. Sepsis (
D) involves infection, not specified here.
Question 5 of 5
In caring for an infant after circumcision, the nurse observes continued bleeding from the site and suspects hemophilia. Which hematological components are insufficient causing bleeding if hemophilia is present?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) or B (factor IX deficiency) (
A) impairs clotting, causing prolonged bleeding. Vitamin K deficiency (
B) affects factors II, VII, IX, X, not VIII. Low platelets (
C) cause thrombocytopenia, not hemophilia. Factors V and VII (
D) are unrelated.