HESI RN
RN HESI Pharmacology Exam 3 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse is administering sodium polystyrene sulfonate to a client in acute kidney injury (AKI). Which laboratory finding indicates that the medication has been effective? Reference Range: Glucose [74 to 106 mg/dL (4.1 to 5.9 mmol/L)] Hemoglobin [14 to 18 g/dL (140 to 180 g/L)] Potassium [3.5 to 5 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mmol/L)] Ammonia [10 to 80 pg/dL (6 to 47 μmol/dL)]
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate lowers potassium by exchanging sodium for potassium in the gut. A potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L (normal range) indicates effective hyperkalemia treatment in AKI. Ammonia, hemoglobin, and glucose are unaffected by this medication.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client how to use an inhaler device. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that the client understands the instructions?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rinsing the mouth after inhaler use, especially with corticosteroids, prevents oral thrush by removing residual medication. Bedtime-only use, meal timing, or caffeine limits are incorrect and unrelated to proper inhaler technique.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who takes methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis and receives a prescription for adalimumab. Which instructions should the nurse provide the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Adalimumab, an immunosuppressant, increases infection risk. Avoiding crowds and sick individuals minimizes exposure, protecting the client’s compromised immune system. Chest x-rays, vaccinations, or eye exams are not specifically required for adalimumab initiation.
Question 4 of 5
A client with nasal congestion receives a prescription for phenylephrine 10 mg PO every 4 hours. Which client condition should the nurse report to the healthcare provider before administering the medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenylephrine, a vasoconstrictor, can elevate blood pressure, exacerbating hypertension and risking complications. Reporting this condition ensures safe use or alternative treatments. Bronchitis, edema, or diarrhea are less critical contraindications.
Question 5 of 5
The home health nurse observes that a female client is using a topical preparation that contains echinacea to treat a canker sore. Her husband expresses concern regarding the effectiveness and safety of using herbs. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Echinacea may have immune-boosting properties, potentially aiding canker sore treatment, though evidence is mixed. This response balances its possible benefits without dismissing its use, unlike suggesting burns, ineffectiveness, or placebo effects.