HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse administers risedronate to a client with osteoporosis at 0700. The client asks for a glass of milk to drink with the medication. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Risedronate requires an empty stomach and water only to ensure absorption. Milk’s calcium reduces efficacy. Withholding until breakfast, consulting the pharmacist, or providing milk are incorrect.
Question 2 of 5
A patient with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in the patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential. Photosensitivity, salt substitutes (often potassium-based), and bruising are less relevant.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare provider prescribes the anticoagulant heparin for a client with a pulmonary embolism. Before initiating the medication, the nurse should ensure that which drug is readily available in case of heparin overdose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine sulfate reverses heparin’s anticoagulant effects in overdose. Warfarin and vitamin K are for other anticoagulants, and diphenhydramine is unrelated.
Question 4 of 5
During an annual physical exam, an older adult tells the nurse of using goldenseal as an herbal supplement. Which additional history should the nurse gather from the client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Goldenseal’s antimicrobial properties may affect infection response or interact with antibiotics. Recent infection history is critical. Weight, sleep, and forgetfulness are less relevant.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client receiving regular insulin prescribed per a sliding scale. If a dose of regular insulin is administered at 0730, which additional nursing action is indicated for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular insulin peaks 2–3 hours after administration, risking hypoglycemia if not paired with food. Ensuring breakfast prevents this. Snacks, late assessments, or early glucose checks are less critical.