HESI RN
HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
Prior to administering oral doses of calcitriol and calcium carbonate to a client with hypoparathyroidism, the nurse notes that the client's total calcium level is 14 mg/dl (3.5 mmol/l). Which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A calcium level of 14 mg/dL indicates hypercalcemia, risking toxicity. Both calcitriol and calcium carbonate increase calcium levels, so holding both and contacting the provider is safest.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is planning to administer sucralfate to a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which action should the nurse include in this patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcers and is most effective when taken on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, to adhere to the ulcer site. Once-daily dosing is incorrect, as it’s typically given four times daily. Sucralfate doesn’t cause significant electrolyte imbalances or Candida infections.
Question 3 of 5
Based on the capillary glucose measurement, a client is to receive 10 units of regular insulin. The client's medication drawer contains one vial of a 70/30 mixture of regular insulin and isophane insulin. How should the nurse prepare the prescribed dose?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A 70/30 vial contains 30% regular insulin, so 10 units yields only 3 units regular insulin. Withholding until regular insulin is available ensures accurate dosing.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in the patient's plan of care?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential. Photosensitivity, salt substitutes (often potassium-based), and bruising are less relevant.
Question 5 of 5
Which instruction should the nurse provide an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) who is assisting with the personal care of a client receiving clopidogrel?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clopidogrel increases bleeding risk, so a soft toothbrush minimizes gum bleeding. Environment, rest, and bed elevation are unrelated to clopidogrel’s effects.