HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

A patient with open-angle glaucoma asks the nurse how long the prescribed eye drops will need to be used. Which response made by the nurse is accurate?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Open-angle glaucoma requires lifelong eye drops to maintain normal intraocular pressure and prevent optic nerve damage. The angle isn’t restored, pain/swelling aren’t primary issues, and pressure reduction is ongoing.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse administers risedronate to a client with osteoporosis at 0700. The client asks for a glass of milk to drink with the medication. Which action should the nurse take?

A. Withhold the medication until the client's breakfast tray is available on the unit. B. Consult with a pharmacist about scheduling the dose one hour after the client eats. C. Instruct the client that it is necessary to take nothing but water with the medication. D. Assign an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to bring the client a glass of low fat milk.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Risedronate requires an empty stomach and water only to ensure absorption. Milk’s calcium reduces efficacy. Withholding until breakfast, consulting the pharmacist, or providing milk are incorrect.

Question 3 of 5

A male client reports to the nurse that he is experiencing gastrointestinal (GI) distress from a high dose of a corticosteroid and is planning to stop taking the medication. In response to the client's statement, which nursing action is most important for the nurse to implement?

A. Assess the client for other indications of adverse effects of corticosteroid use. B. Advise the client that the medication should be stopped gradually rather than abruptly. C. Encourage the client to take the medication with food to decrease GI distress. D. Review the client's dosing schedule to ensure he is taking the prescribed amount.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Abruptly stopping corticosteroids risks adrenal insufficiency. Advising gradual tapering is critical. Assessing other effects, taking with food, or reviewing dosing are secondary.

Question 4 of 5

A client is using the nasal spray hormone calcitonin to reduce bone loss from osteoporosis. To reduce rhinitis associated with administration of the nasal spray, the nurse should provide the client with which instruction?

A. Alternate the use of each nostril when administering the nasal spray each day. B. Do not lie down within thirty minutes of use of the nasal spray. C. Use an nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) PRN to reduce any inflammation that may occur. D. Take an over-the-counter antihistamine with each daily dose of nasal spray.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Alternating nostrils daily reduces local irritation and rhinitis from calcitonin nasal spray, allowing each nostril recovery time. Lying down doesn’t directly reduce rhinitis, and NSAIDs or antihistamines are not standard for managing this side effect.

Question 5 of 5

A patient with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in the patient's plan of care?

A. Limit the intake of foods high in potassium. B. Cover your skin before going outside. C. Replace salt with a salt substitute. D. Monitor skin for excessive bruising.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting potassium-rich foods is essential. Photosensitivity, salt substitutes (often potassium-based), and bruising are less relevant.

HESI RN 301 Pharmacology Final Exam | Nurselytic

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