HESI RN
Nightdale College HESI Pharmacology RN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which assessment provides the nurse with the best information to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to the drug? Which assessment provides the best information to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to the drug?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactulose lowers blood ammonia levels by promoting its excretion in stool, treating hepatic encephalopathy. Monitoring serum ammonia and electrolytes (due to potential loss from diarrhea) directly evaluates the drug’s effectiveness. Stool changes are expected but less specific, and hepatic enzymes or glucose are not primary indicators.
Question 2 of 5
A client with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's plan of care? Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods like bananas and oranges prevents dangerous potassium elevations, which can lead to arrhythmias. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, and bruising or photosensitivity are not primary concerns.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse initiates an infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam for a client with a urinary tract infection. Five minutes into the infusion, the client reports not feeling well. Which client manifestation should the nurse identify as a reason to stop the infusion? Which manifestation should the nurse identify as a reason to stop the infusion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A scratchy throat may signal an allergic reaction to piperacillin-tazobactam, a penicillin derivative, potentially progressing to anaphylaxis. Stopping the infusion immediately prevents severe complications. Other manifestations like bradycardia or hypertension are not typical allergic responses and require monitoring but not immediate cessation.
Question 4 of 5
A client who is taking an oral contraceptive receives a new prescription for erythromycin. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client? Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythromycin can reduce oral contraceptive efficacy by increasing metabolism. Using an additional contraceptive method, like condoms, prevents unintended pregnancy during and after the antibiotic course. Stopping the contraceptive or timing doses apart is not effective, and photosensitivity is not a concern with erythromycin.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is planning to administer the antiulcer gastrointestinal (GI) agent sucralfate to a client with peptic ulcer disease. Which action should the nurse include in this client's plan of care? Which action should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sucralfate forms a protective barrier over ulcers in an acidic environment, requiring administration on an empty stomach, one hour before meals or at bedtime. Once-daily dosing is insufficient, and electrolyte imbalances or Candida infections are not primary concerns with sucralfate.