HESI RN
HESI RN 311 Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in the client’s plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods (
D) prevents toxicity. Bruising (
A) is unrelated. Salt substitutes (
B) contain potassium, risking hyperkalemia. Photosensitivity (
C) is not a primary concern. Baseline potassium levels should also be checked.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of smoking cigarettes for many years arrives at the clinic and expresses a desire to stop smoking. The client receives a prescription for bupropion to reduce nicotine cravings. Which information should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bupropion may cause insomnia and weight loss (
A) due to its stimulant effects, requiring patient awareness. Taste changes (
B) are not common. No specific water requirement exists (
C). Tyramine-free diets (
D) are for MAOIs, not bupropion.
Question 3 of 5
A client is receiving miotics for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. The nurse determines that a priority nursing problem is the risk for injury. This nursing problem is based on which etiology?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Miotics (e.g., pilocarpine) cause pupil constriction, reducing night vision (
A), increasing injury risk in low-light conditions. Photophobia (
B), tearing (
C), and color perception (
D) are less directly linked to injury.
Question 4 of 5
A client who has been experiencing headaches since using the herbal remedy feverfew. Which information is important to include for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Feverfew, in the Asteraceae family, risks allergic reactions in those allergic to chamomile/ragweed/yarrow (
A), a critical warning. NSAID interactions (
B), GI side effects (
C), and anxiety (
D) are secondary concerns.
Question 5 of 5
A female client with osteoporosis has been taking a weekly dose of oral risedronate for several weeks. The client calls the clinic nurse to report increasing heartburn. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Heartburn with risedronate suggests improper administration (e.g., not enough water, not staying upright). Asking how it’s taken (
C) identifies errors. Antacids (
A) interfere with absorption. Water (
B) is part of correct use but not diagnostic. Emergency care (
D) is premature.