HESI RN
Nightdale College HESI Pharmacology RN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with chemotherapy-induced nausea receives a prescription for metoclopramide. Which adverse effect is most important for the nurse to report? Which adverse effect is most important for the nurse to report?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Involuntary movements (extrapyramidal symptoms) are a serious, potentially irreversible side effect of metoclopramide due to dopamine receptor blockade. Reporting these promptly allows for intervention, such as dose adjustment or anticholinergic use. Nausea, irritability, and diarrhea are less urgent side effects.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who is taking diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug for rheumatoid arthritis. During a clinic visit, the client appears pale and reports increasing fatigue. Which of the client's serum laboratory values is most important for the nurse to review? Which laboratory value is most important for the nurse to review?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pale appearance and fatigue suggest anemia, a potential complication of diclofenac due to gastrointestinal bleeding. Reviewing hemoglobin levels confirms anemia and guides further management. Glucose, protein, or sodium are not directly related to these symptoms or NSAID side effects.
Question 3 of 5
When administering medications to a group of clients, which client should the nurse closely monitor for development of acute kidney injury (AKI)? Which client should the nurse closely monitor for development of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vancomycin is nephrotoxic, particularly with prolonged use or high doses, increasing AKI risk. Close monitoring of renal function, serum levels, and urine output is essential. Lorazepam, digoxin, and sucralfate have minimal renal impact and lower AKI risk.
Question 4 of 5
A client who receives multiple antihypertensive medications experiences syncope due to a drop in blood pressure to 70/40 mm Hg. Which is the rationale for the nurse's decision to hold the client's scheduled antihypertensive medications? Which is the rationale for the nurse's decision to hold the client's scheduled antihypertensive medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The additive effect of multiple antihypertensives, each lowering blood pressure, caused severe hypotension (70/40 mm Hg), leading to syncope. Holding the medications prevents further blood pressure drops. Synergistic toxicity or antagonistic interactions are less likely, and diuresis alone does not explain the severity.
Question 5 of 5
Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement for a client who is receiving insulin lispro? Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insulin lispro, a rapid-acting insulin, peaks quickly and requires food intake within 15 minutes to prevent hypoglycemia. Providing meals at the same time as administration is the most critical intervention to ensure glucose availability, prioritizing safety over other monitoring actions.