HESI RN
Nightdale College HESI Pharmacology RN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
When administering medications to a group of clients, which client should the nurse closely monitor for development of acute kidney injury (AKI)? Which client should the nurse closely monitor for development of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vancomycin is nephrotoxic, particularly with prolonged use or high doses, increasing AKI risk. Close monitoring of renal function, serum levels, and urine output is essential. Lorazepam, digoxin, and sucralfate have minimal renal impact and lower AKI risk.
Question 2 of 5
While assessing a client who takes acetaminophen for chronic pain, the nurse observes that the client's skin looks yellow in color. Which action should the nurse take in response to this finding? Which action should the nurse take in response to this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yellow skin suggests jaundice, indicating potential liver damage from acetaminophen, which is hepatotoxic in high doses. Reporting to the provider ensures evaluation and possible dose adjustment. Glucose, oxygen saturation, or self-reducing the dose are inappropriate without further assessment.
Question 3 of 5
A client who is taking an oral contraceptive receives a new prescription for erythromycin. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client? Which instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythromycin can reduce oral contraceptive efficacy by increasing metabolism. Using an additional contraceptive method, like condoms, prevents unintended pregnancy during and after the antibiotic course. Stopping the contraceptive or timing doses apart is not effective, and photosensitivity is not a concern with erythromycin.
Question 4 of 5
After taking orlistat for one week, a female client tells the home health nurse that she is experiencing increasingly frequent oily stools and flatus. Which action should the nurse take? Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Oily stools and flatus are expected side effects of orlistat, which inhibits fat absorption. Asking about recent dietary intake assesses compliance with a low-fat diet, which can reduce these side effects. Increasing fats worsens symptoms, and stopping the drug or testing stool is unnecessary without severe symptoms.
Question 5 of 5
A client with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose. Which assessment provides the nurse with the best information to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to the drug? Which assessment provides the best information to evaluate the client's therapeutic response to the drug?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactulose lowers blood ammonia levels by promoting its excretion in stool, treating hepatic encephalopathy. Monitoring serum ammonia and electrolytes (due to potential loss from diarrhea) directly evaluates the drug’s effectiveness. Stool changes are expected but less specific, and hepatic enzymes or glucose are not primary indicators.