HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client who received a renal transplant three months ago is readmitted to the acute care unit with signs of graft rejection. While taking the client’s history, the nurse determines that the client has been self-administering St. John's Wort, an herbal preparation on the advice of a friend. Which information is most significant about this finding?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: St. John’s Wort induces cytochrome P450 enzymes, reducing cyclosporine levels (
B), an immunosuppressant, risking graft rejection. Depression use (
A) is possible but less critical. Sodium (
C) and corticosteroids (D, E) are unrelated.
Choice E is a duplicate.
Question 2 of 5
A client with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in this patient’s plan of care?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, risks hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods (
B) prevents toxicity. Salt substitutes (
A) often contain potassium, worsening hyperkalemia. Skin protection (
C) and bruising (
D) are unrelated.
Question 3 of 5
The health care provider prescribes the antilipemic lovastatin for a client who has exhibited a consistently elevated serum cholesterol level. In evaluating the client’s treatment regimen, which remark by the client indicates to the nurse that the client understands the drug’s treatment protocol?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lovastatin risks hepatotoxicity; avoiding alcohol (
B) reduces liver strain, indicating understanding. Stopping when cholesterol lowers (
A) is incorrect; it’s long-term. Diet restrictions persist (
C). WBC monitoring (
D) is unnecessary.
Question 4 of 5
The home health nurse observes a client self-administering an epinephrine injection using an auto-injector pen. Which client action requires intervention by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine auto-injectors are single-use; cleaning for re-use (
C) risks infection or malfunction. Thigh administration (
A) is correct. Injecting through clothing (
B) may reduce efficacy but is less critical.
Choice D is a duplicate and addressed by C.
Question 5 of 5
Rivastigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is prescribed for a female client with early-stage Alzheimer’s disease. The client’s daughter tells the nurse that she plans to start administering the drug when her mothers’ symptoms are no longer manageable, in hopes that her mother will not have to go to a nursing home. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rivastigmine slows cognitive decline in early Alzheimer’s, most effective when started early (
A). Delaying until symptoms worsen (
B) reduces efficacy. Assessing mental status (
C) or discussing progression (
D) are less direct.