HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
When caring for a client with diabetes insipidus who is receiving antidiuretic hormone intranasally, which serum lab test is most important for the nurse to monitor?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) conserves water in diabetes insipidus. Serum osmolality (
C) reflects hydration status and ADH efficacy. Platelets (
A), glucose (
B), and calcium (
D) are unrelated.
Question 2 of 5
A male client has been receiving the antibiotic gentamicin sulfate IV piggyback every 12 hours for several days. Which observations by the nurse indicate that the client may be experiencing an adverse effect of gentamicin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gentamicin risks ototoxicity, causing hearing loss (
A). Decreased BUN (
B) suggests improved kidney function, not an adverse effect. Normal WBC (
C) and photophobia (
D) are unrelated.
Question 3 of 5
An older adult with iron deficiency anemia is being discharged with a prescription for ferrous sulfate enteric-coated tablets. To promote the best absorption of the medication, which information should the nurse include in the discharge instructions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ferrous sulfate is best absorbed on an empty stomach, 2 hours after meals (
D). Multivitamins (
A) may contain interfering minerals. Crushing (
B) destroys enteric coating. Bedtime (
C) is not optimal.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chemotherapy induced nausea receives a prescription for metoclopramide. Which adverse effect is most important for the nurse to report?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metoclopramide risks extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) like involuntary movements (
D), potentially indicating tardive dyskinesia, requiring immediate reporting. Irritability (
A), diarrhea (
B), and nausea (
C) are less severe.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is preparing a discharge teaching plan for a client who is taking ciprofloxacin hydrochloride tablets which were prescribed because of a suspected anthrax exposure. Which instructions should be included in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, risks tendonitis/tendon rupture (
A), requiring immediate reporting, especially in older adults or those on corticosteroids. It causes photosensitivity (
D), necessitating sun protection. NSAIDs (
B) increase seizure risk, not recommended. Crushing tablets (
C) alters efficacy and is contraindicated.