HESI RN
HESI RN Med Surg Questions
Extract:
History and Physical
The client is a 58-year-old male who wants to be screened for diabetes mellitus. The client has a sister who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has a history of depression, which is treated with paroxetine 10 mg PO every day. The client also discloses that he occasionally takes cannabis in edible form. He denies smoking or drinking. He works in a chemical factory where he is occasionally exposed to fumes. The client's body mass index (BMI) is 28 kg/m3
Question 1 of 5
What other nutritional recommendation(s) would be helpful for this client in reducing risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,F
Rationale: Eliminating sugary beverages, increasing fiber, and minimizing refined grains reduce blood sugar spikes and improve insulin sensitivity, key for prediabetes management, unlike cinnamon or no-fat diets.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A client with a cervical spinal injury (C7) is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia. The nurse should first assess the client for which precipitating factor?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autonomic dysreflexia is often triggered by a distended bladder, which sends signals to the spinal cord that cannot pass the injury level, causing uncontrolled sympathetic activation. Assessing for this common precipitating factor is the priority to address the underlying cause.
Question 3 of 5
A client experiences residual effects following an acute attack of Ménière's disease and receives a new prescription for an antihistamine. Which assessment finding indicates that the medication is effective?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antihistamines for Ménière's disease target vertigo, a hallmark symptom. Ambulating without vertigo indicates the medication's effectiveness in controlling this symptom.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is evaluating a client's understanding of diet teaching about the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) eating plan. Which behavior indicates that the client is adhering to the eating plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The DASH plan emphasizes low-fat dairy, like fat-free yogurt, aligning with the client's behavior, unlike other options which do not specifically reflect DASH principles.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with chemotherapy induced mucositis who is describing soreness of the tongue and oral tissues. Which is the best initial nursing action?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent mouth care maintains oral hygiene, reduces infection risk, and soothes irritated tissues in mucositis, serving as the initial step before other interventions like analgesics.