HESI RN
HESI RN D441 Pharmacology 0A1 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse administers naloxone to a client with opioid-induced respiratory depression. One hour later, nursing assessment reveals that the client has a respiratory rate of 4 breaths/minute, oxygen saturation of 75%, and is unable to be aroused. Which action should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Naloxone has a shorter half-life than most opioids, so opioid-induced respiratory depression may persist. The client’s severe symptoms (respiratory rate of 4 breaths/min, oxygen saturation of 75%, unresponsiveness) indicate the initial dose was insufficient. Administering a second dose of naloxone is the priority to reverse the opioid effects and address the life-threatening hypoxia.
Question 2 of 5
A client who received a renal transplant three months ago is readmitted to the acute care unit with signs of graft rejection. While taking the client's history, the nurse determines that the client has been self-administering St. John's Wort, an herbal preparation, on the advice of a friend. Which information is most significant about this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: St. John's Wort induces liver enzymes, reducing cyclosporine levels, an immunosuppressant critical for preventing transplant rejection. This interaction increases the risk of graft rejection, making it the most significant finding requiring immediate attention.
Question 3 of 5
After receiving the third dose of a new oral anticoagulant prescription, an older adult client develops bleeding and tender gums and has many new bruises. Which actions should the nurse implement?
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: B: A soft bristle toothbrush prevents further gum trauma. D: Reporting bleeding symptoms to the provider is critical for potential anticoagulant adjustment. E: Reviewing coagulation lab values assesses bleeding risk. A is incorrect as NSAIDs increase bleeding risk, and C is unnecessary without a medication error.
Question 4 of 5
A client receives a prescription for allopurinol. Which information provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Doubling the dose of allopurinol if missed is incorrect and requires instruction. Patients should take a missed dose as soon as remembered unless it’s close to the next dose, then skip it. Doubling doses can increase the risk of side effects without therapeutic benefit.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about the antiretroviral medication regimen. Which statement provided by the client requires additional instruction by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: While antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly reduces HIV transmission risk by lowering viral load, it does not completely prevent it. The client needs clarification that even with an undetectable viral load, transmission is possible, and preventive measures like safer sex practices are still necessary.