Hesi Med Surg Exam 1

Extract:

Question 1 of 5

An obese client with emphysema, who smokes at least a pack of cigarettes daily, is admitted after experiencing a sudden increase in dyspnea and activity intolerance. Oxygen therapy is initiated and it is determined that the client will be discharged with oxygen. Which information is most important for the nurse to emphasize in the discharge teaching plan?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Correct oxygen use guidelines are critical to ensure safety and efficacy in managing emphysema.

Question 2 of 5

Which action should the nurse implement to reduce the risk of vesicant extravasation in the client who is receiving intravenous chemotherapy?

A. Keep the head of the bed elevated until the treatment is completed. B. Instruct the client to drink plenty of fluids during the treatment. C. Monitor the client's intravenous site hourly during the treatment. D. Administer an antiemetic before starting the chemotherapy.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hourly IV site monitoring allows early detection of extravasation, preventing tissue damage from vesicant chemotherapy.

Question 3 of 5

An overweight young adult diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted for a hernia repair. The patient reports feeling very weak and jittery. What actions should the nurse take?

A. Check fingerstick glucose level. B. Assess skin temperature and moisture. C. Administer a PRN dose of regular insulin. D. Document anxiety on the surgical checklist. E. Measure pulse and blood pressure.

Correct Answer: A,B,E

Rationale: Checking fingerstick glucose, assessing skin temperature/moisture, and measuring pulse/blood pressure are critical to evaluate for hypoglycemia, a likely cause of weakness and jitteriness in a diabetic patient.

Question 4 of 5

The parent of an adolescent tells the clinic nurse, 'My child has athlete's foot. I have been applying triple antibiotic ointment for two days, but there has been no improvement.' Which instruction should the nurse provide?

A. Antibiotics take two weeks to become effective against infections such as athlete's foot. B. Continue using the ointment for a full week, even after the symptoms disappear. C. Applying too much ointment can deter its effectiveness. Apply a thin layer to prevent maceration. D. Stop using the ointment and encourage complete drying of feet and wearing clean socks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Athlete's foot is fungal, not bacterial; stopping antibiotic ointment and keeping feet dry with clean socks aids treatment.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is providing discharge teaching to an older patient hospitalized for treatment of venous leg ulcers. What instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

A. The patient should eat a diet high in protein and vitamins A and C. B. The patient should keep their legs elevated when sitting or lying down. C. The patient should maintain as much bed rest as possible. D. The patient should inspect their ankles daily for areas of darkening skin. E. The patient should apply intermittent cold compresses four times daily.

Correct Answer: A,B,D

Rationale: A diet high in protein and vitamins A and C, leg elevation, and daily ankle inspections support healing and early detection of complications in venous leg ulcers.

Hesi Med Surg Exam 1 | Nurselytic

Nurselytic

HESI RN

HESI RN