HESI RN
Care Hope College RN HESI Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A patient with heart failure develops hyperaldosteronism and is prescribed spironolactone. What instructions should the nurse include in the patient’s care plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This question is identical to Question 7. Spironolactone increases potassium retention, so limiting high-potassium foods (
C) prevents hyperkalemia. Salt substitutes (
A) contain potassium. Sun protection (
B) and bruising (
D) are unrelated. Note: Duplicate question; consider removing.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse administers risedronate to a client with osteoporosis at 0700. The client asks for a glass of milk to drink with the medication. What action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Risedronate, a bisphosphonate, must be taken with plain water on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before food or other beverages, to ensure optimal absorption. Milk (
B) contains calcium, reducing absorption. Delaying until breakfast (
C) violates timing requirements. Consulting a pharmacist (
D) is unnecessary, as administration guidelines are clear.
Question 3 of 5
A client has a new prescription for zolpidem, a hypnotic. The client tells the home health nurse that he plans to take a dose of the medication during the day because he is exhausted and needs to take a short afternoon nap prior to an evening activity in his home. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Zolpidem, a sedative-hypnotic, should be taken at bedtime (
C) to avoid daytime drowsiness and fall risk. Two hours of sleep (
A) is insufficient for safe clearance. Taking with meals (
B) reduces efficacy. Fluid intake (
D) is unrelated to zolpidem’s administration.
Question 4 of 5
When administering medications to a group of patients, which patient should the nurse closely monitor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin (
A) is nephrotoxic and requires monitoring for AKI, especially with high doses or prolonged use. Sucralfate (
B) protects the stomach, not kidneys. Lorazepam (
C) and digoxin (
D) have minimal renal toxicity risks.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse initiates an infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam for a client with a urinary tract infection. Five minutes into the infusion, the client reports not feeling well. Which client manifestation should the nurse identify as a reason to stop the infusion?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A scratchy throat (
B) may indicate an allergic reaction, potentially anaphylaxis, requiring immediate cessation of the piperacillin-tazobactam infusion and assessment. Hypertension (
A), bradycardia (
C), and pupillary constriction (
D) are not typical signs of an allergic response to this antibiotic.