HESI RN
RN HESI Pharmacology Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A female client with mild depression reports to the nurse recently starting St. John's wort. Which information provided by the client requires further instruction?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: St. John's wort reduces oral contraceptive efficacy by inducing liver enzymes, increasing pregnancy risk. Additional contraception is needed, requiring further instruction. Hard candy for dry mouth, insomnia, and sun sensitivity are accurate and do not need correction.
Question 2 of 5
A client who is taking an oral dose of a tetracycline reports gastrointestinal (GI) upset. Which snack should the nurse instruct the client to take with the tetracycline?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracycline absorption is reduced by calcium in dairy products.
Toasted wheat bread and jelly, free of dairy or iron, minimizes GI upset and maintains efficacy. Cheese, yogurt, and milk contain calcium, impairing absorption.
Question 3 of 5
Review H and P, and nurse’s note. Identify from the choices below which condition the client is most likely experiencing, two actions the nurse should take to address that condition, and two parameters the nurse should monitor to assess the client’s progress.
Correct Answer:
Rationale: The provided answer (methemoglobinemia) is unlikely, as asthma medications don’t typically cause it. Asthma exacerbation is more likely given the history. Actions: Take vital signs (
A) and give albuterol (
C) address acute symptoms. Monitor heart rate/rhythm (
B) and breath sounds (
D) assess response. CBC and methemoglobin are irrelevant.
Extract:
History and Physical
The client is a 42-year-old female who had a right above-the-knee amputation for osteomyelitis. The client has a drain in place and a surgical dressing that will need to be changed by the surgeon on post-op day 1.
Nurses' Notes
1400: Started continuous morphine in the left antecubital vein peripheral intravenous line. No redness, edema, or bleeding noted at the site. Vital signs: heart rate 77 bpm, blood pressure 118/74 mmHg, respiratory rate 16.
1800: Vital signs: heart rate 79 bpm, blood pressure 114/78 mmHg, respiratory rate 14.
1900: Responded to an alarm in the room. The client is not responsive. Her respiratory rate is 5 bpm. Her heart rate is 92 bpm. Her pupils are pinpoint.
Orders
• Admit to the surgical floor
• Clear liquid diet, advance as tolerated
• Continuous cardiorespiratory monitoring
• Morphine 1 mg/hr intravenously
• Alert surgeon to signs of bleeding or infection in the surgical site
• Docusate sodium 240 mg orally every am
• Naloxone 2 mg intravenously as needed for respiratory depression
• Ibuprofen 600 mg orally every 6 hours
Question 4 of 5
What should the nurse do immediately? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: B,C,F
Rationale: Low responsiveness and respiratory rate suggest morphine overdose. Rescue breaths, naloxone (opioid antagonist), and rapid response address respiratory depression. ECG, oxygen, and compressions are secondary without specific indications.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
Azithromycin is prescribed for a client with Chlamydia trachomatis. In providing client teaching about the medication, the nurse should emphasize the importance of reporting the onset of which symptom to the health care provider?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Yellow sclera indicates potential hepatotoxicity, a rare but serious azithromycin side effect requiring immediate reporting. Flatulence, nausea, and headache are common and mild; urinary frequency is unrelated.