HESI RN
HESI Pharmacology Exam 2 Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A female client who is a vegetarian has a new prescription for warfarin. The client states she eats leafy green vegetables every day. How should the nurse respond?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Warfarin’s anticoagulant effect is reduced by vitamin K, abundant in leafy greens. Informing the healthcare provider about the client’s consistent intake allows for dose adjustments to maintain therapeutic anticoagulation. Replacing vegetables is unnecessary, commending the diet ignores the interaction, and leafy greens may reduce warfarin’s efficacy, not enhance it.
Question 2 of 5
The healthcare provider prescribes the antibiotic tetracycline HCl for an adult client that arrived at an outpatient clinic. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tetracycline causes photosensitivity, increasing sunburn risk. Instructing the client to protect their skin from sunlight prevents skin damage. Orange juice, milk, or antacids reduce absorption, and serum levels are not routinely monitored for tetracycline.
Question 3 of 5
A client on alcohol withdrawal protocol suddenly begins to have a seizure in his bed. After several minutes the seizure has not ended and the nurse suspects the client is suffering from status epilepticus. What is the priority action the nurse will take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Status epilepticus requires immediate seizure cessation to prevent brain damage. IV lorazepam is the priority to stop the seizure. Lowering to the floor, waiting, or calling a code delays critical intervention.
Extract:
History and Physical
The client is a 54-year-old male with a history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes. He takes spironolactone 25 mg per day, metformin 500 mg twice a day, and 25 units of insulin glargine.
Laboratory Test
Hemoglobin A1C
• Result: 6.8%
• Reference Range: 4-5.9%
Serum Creatinine
• Result: 1 mg/dL (88.4 μmol/L)
• Reference Range: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL (44-97 μmol/L)
BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)
• Result: 9 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 10-20 mg/dL (3.6-7.1 mmol/L)
Sodium
• Result: 136 mEq/L (136 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 136-145 mEq/L (136-145 mmol/L)
Potassium
• Result: 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 3.5-5 mEq/L (3.5-5 mmol/L)
Blood Glucose
• Result: 109 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L)
• Reference Range: 74-106 mg/dL (4.1-5.9 mmol/L)
Question 4 of 5
The nurse reviews the lab values."What questions can the nurse ask the client based on the lab results? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D,E
Rationale: Without specific lab values, general questions about urinary urgency (renal function), salt substitutes (potassium intake), itching/hives (allergic reactions), supplements (drug interactions), and dry skin (electrolyte imbalances) are relevant to monitor captopril/spironolactone effects.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A male client with a history of heart failure (HF) complains of heartburn when he lies down after dinner. The home health nurse should encourage the client to talk to the healthcare provider about using which over-the-counter medication to relieve this problem?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heartburn suggests gastroesophageal reflux disease (GER
D), common in heart failure. Low sodium antacids neutralize stomach acid without exacerbating fluid retention, unlike high-sodium options. Diphenhydramine, aspirin, and acetaminophen do not relieve heartburn and are inappropriate for GERD.