HESI RN
Nightdale College HESI Pharmacology RN Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with heart failure (HF) develops hyperaldosteronism and spironolactone is prescribed. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's plan of care? Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, can cause hyperkalemia. Limiting high-potassium foods like bananas and oranges prevents dangerous potassium elevations, which can lead to arrhythmias. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, and bruising or photosensitivity are not primary concerns.
Question 2 of 5
A client with atrial fibrillation receives a new prescription for dabigatran. Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's teaching plan? Which instruction should the nurse include in this client's teaching plan?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, increases bleeding risk. NSAIDs inhibit platelet aggregation, exacerbating this risk. Instructing the client to avoid NSAIDs is critical to prevent bleeding complications. Unlike warfarin, dabigatran does not require dietary restrictions like avoiding vitamin K-rich foods, routine bleeding tests, or home antidotes.
Question 3 of 5
Which nursing action has the highest priority when administering a dose of codeine with acetaminophen to a client? Which nursing action has the highest priority?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Codeine, an opioid, causes drowsiness and dizziness, increasing fall risk. Instructing the client to request assistance when ambulating prioritizes safety, preventing injuries. Other actions, like administering laxatives or informing about onset, are important but secondary to immediate safety concerns.
Question 4 of 5
A client who receives multiple antihypertensive medications experiences syncope due to a drop in blood pressure to 70/40 mm Hg. Which is the rationale for the nurse's decision to hold the client's scheduled antihypertensive medications? Which is the rationale for the nurse's decision to hold the client's scheduled antihypertensive medications?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The additive effect of multiple antihypertensives, each lowering blood pressure, caused severe hypotension (70/40 mm Hg), leading to syncope. Holding the medications prevents further blood pressure drops. Synergistic toxicity or antagonistic interactions are less likely, and diuresis alone does not explain the severity.
Question 5 of 5
The health care provider prescribes the antibiotic tetracycline HCl for an adult client who arrived at an outpatient clinic. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client? Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tetracycline causes photosensitivity, increasing sunburn risk. Instructing the client to protect their skin from sunlight is critical to prevent skin damage. Other options, like taking with milk or orange juice, reduce absorption, and serum levels are not routinely monitored for tetracycline.