HESI RN
RN Medical Surgical Hesi Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia has a CD4+ T cell count of 200 cells/mm³ (20%). The client asks the nurse why they have these recurring massive infections. Which pathophysiologic mechanism should the nurse describe in response to this client's question?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inadequate numbers of CD4+ T cells, due to HIV infection, impair cellular immunity, leading to susceptibility to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia.
Question 2 of 5
On the third postoperative day, a client who has had a hip replacement surgery becomes anxious and diaphoretic, and begins to experience auditory hallucinations. The client denies having any pain. The client's vital signs are pulse rate 125 beats/minute, respiratory rate 36 breaths/minute, and blood pressure 166/88 mm Hg. Which nursing intervention(s) should the nurse implement? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Presenting a calm, supportive demeanor, reorienting to day and time frequently, and administering a PRN dose of lorazepam are appropriate interventions to reduce anxiety, agitation, and hallucinations while promoting trust and orientation.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who had an appendectomy 4 hours ago. Which finding requires immediate action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-pitched sound heard upon inspiration is a sign of stridor, which is a life-threatening emergency that indicates airway obstruction. The nurse should call for help, administer oxygen, and prepare for intubation or tracheostomy.
Question 4 of 5
A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia has a CD4+ T cell count of 200 cells/mm³ (20%). The client asks the nurse why they have these recurring massive infections. Which pathophysiological mechanism should the nurse describe in response to this client's question?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inadequate numbers of CD4+ T cells impair cellular immunity, making the client susceptible to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to HIV infection.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client who is being discharged after passing a calcium oxalate renal stone. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spinach salad is high in oxalate, which can combine with calcium in the urine to form stones, increasing the risk of recurrence.