HESI RN
RN HESI Pharmacology Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client who received a renal transplant three months ago is readmitted to the acute care unit with signs of graft rejection. While taking the client’s history, the nurse determines that the client has been self-administering St. John’s Wort, an herbal preparation, on the advice of a friend. Which information is most significant about this finding? Which information is most significant about this finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: St. John’s Wort induces cytochrome P450 enzymes, reducing cyclosporine levels, a critical immunosuppressant, increasing the risk of graft rejection. This interaction is the most significant concern for the client’s transplant outcome.
Question 2 of 5
A client with chemotherapy-induced nausea receives a prescription for metoclopramide. Which adverse effect is most important for the nurse to report? Which adverse effect is most important for the nurse to report?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Involuntary movements, such as tardive dyskinesia, are a serious, potentially irreversible side effect of metoclopramide. This requires immediate reporting to the provider for possible discontinuation and evaluation.
Question 3 of 5
The healthcare provider prescribes magnesium sulfate 300 mg/hour IV. The IV bag contains magnesium sulfate 4 grams in dextrose 5% in water (D5W) 500 mL. How many mL/hour should the nurse set the infusion pump? (Enter numerical value only. If rounding is required, round to the nearest tenth.) How many mL/hour should the nurse set the infusion pump?
Correct Answer: 37.5
Rationale: 4 grams = 4000 mg; concentration = 4000 mg ÷ 500 mL = 8 mg/mL; infusion rate = 300 mg/hour ÷ 8 mg/mL = 37.5 mL/hour.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who takes methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis and receives a prescription for adalimumab. Which instructions should the nurse provide the client? Which instructions should the nurse provide the client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Methotrexate and adalimumab suppress the immune system, increasing infection risk. Avoiding crowds and sick individuals is critical to prevent infections.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has been prescribed gabapentin 300 mg by mouth (PO) three times a day for postherpetic neuralgia. Which symptom should the nurse tell the client to report to the healthcare provider? Which symptom should the nurse tell the client to report to the healthcare provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gabapentin can cause fluid retention, leading to rapid weight gain, which may signal serious issues like heart or kidney problems. This symptom requires prompt reporting to the healthcare provider for further evaluation.