HESI RN
RN Medical Surgical HESI Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client presents with the onset of a severe headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, and a petechial rash on arms and legs. The nurse recognizes the client is exhibiting symptoms of which condition?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Symptoms like headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, and petechial rash are classic for meningococcal meningitis, a bacterial infection requiring urgent treatment.
Question 2 of 5
The client has ____, which can cause ____ such as airway obstruction, bronchospasm, and pulmonary edema. The client also has ____, which can lead to ____ such as hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis.
| Inhaled smoke |
| Hypometabolism |
| Increased cardiac output |
| Respiratory problems |
| Initial fluid shifts |
| Electrolyte imbalance |
| High blood sodium levels |
Correct Answer: A,B
Rationale: Inhaled smoke causes respiratory problems (airway obstruction, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema). Initial fluid shifts in burns lead to electrolyte imbalances (hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis).
Extract:
The patient is a 68-year-old with a history of diabetes, hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease (CAD), and recently diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). She has been placed on hemodialysis three times a week for one month. She presents to the emergency department (ED) with fatigue, generalized weakness, muscle cramps, tingling sensation in arms and legs, and lightheadedness following 3 days of illness during which her husband reports she has complained of nausea and had a poor appetite and was not able to go for her scheduled dialysis 2 days ago.
Question 3 of 5
For each assessment finding, explain whether the actions taken were effective or ineffective.
| Options | Effective | Ineffective |
|---|---|---|
| Denies cramps, weakness, or nausea | ||
| BP 116/68 mm Hg, HR 75 bpm | ||
| Potassium level 3.6 mEq/L (3.6 mmol/L) | ||
| Verbalizes commitment to dialysis appointments | ||
| Client states that she will need to resume her Lisinopril to control blood pressure | ||
| Client is eager to add dark green vegetables and potatoes to her diet |
Correct Answer: A,B,C,D
Rationale: Denying symptoms, normalized vitals, potassium, and dialysis commitment indicate effective actions. Misunderstandings about Lisinopril and diet suggest ineffective education.
Extract:
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client who is being discharged after passing a calcium oxalate renal stone. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spinach is high in oxalate, which contributes to calcium oxalate stone formation, and should be avoided.
Question 5 of 5
In assessing a client with ulcers on the lower extremity, which findings indicate that the ulcers are likely to be of venous, rather than arterial, origin?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Irregular shapes and severe edema are typical of venous ulcers due to impaired venous return, unlike arterial ulcers which show signs of poor perfusion.