HESI RN
RN Medical Surgical Hesi Exam Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
A client has an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 500/mm³ (0.5 x 10â¹/L) after completing chemotherapy. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Placing the client in protective isolation is the most important intervention to prevent infections, as a low ANC indicates a high risk of bacterial and fungal infections.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a closed head injury demonstrates signs of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which additional finding should the nurse expect to obtain?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight gain of 2 pounds (0.91 kg) in one day is a sign of fluid retention, which occurs in SIADH due to excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and reduce urine output, leading to hyponatremia and hypervolemia.
Question 3 of 5
A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia has a CD4+ T cell count of 200 cells/mm³ (20%). The client asks the nurse why they have these recurring massive infections. Which pathophysiological mechanism should the nurse describe in response to this client's question?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inadequate numbers of CD4+ T cells impair cellular immunity, making the client susceptible to opportunistic infections like Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia due to HIV infection.
Question 4 of 5
After teaching a client newly diagnosed with cholecystitis about recommended diet changes, the nurse evaluates the client's learning. Which food choices eliminated by the client indicate to the nurse that teaching has been successful?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Eliminating whole milk and daily ice cream indicates successful teaching, as these high-fat foods can worsen gallbladder inflammation and increase gallstone formation risk.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client who had an appendectomy 4 hours ago. Which finding requires immediate action by the nurse?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: High-pitched sound heard upon inspiration is a sign of stridor, which is a life-threatening emergency that indicates airway obstruction. The nurse should call for help, administer oxygen, and prepare for intubation or tracheostomy.