HESI RN
HESI Med Surg Hematological system Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The arterial blood gas (ABG) results for a patient who overdosed on barbiturates are pH = 7.32, PaCO2 = 52, and HCO3 = 23. Which interpretation would the nurse rely on when planning the patient's care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The given ABG results indicate a low pH (acidosis), an elevated PaCO2 (respiratory component), and a normal HCO3 (metabolic component). The low pH and increased PaCO2 suggest respiratory acidosis.
Question 2 of 5
Which arterial blood gas (ABG) data corresponds with a patient's clinical manifestations of respiratory alkalosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH (>7.45) and a low PaCO2 (<35 mm Hg). The data in option D (pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 24 mm Hg) indicates respiratory alkalosis.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse notes that a patient has a smooth and shiny tongue surface. The nurse would attribute these findings to which condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pernicious anemia causes glossitis, leading to a smooth and shiny tongue surface due to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Question 4 of 5
Which acid-base mechanism would the kidney use to buffer a patient's acidosis (serum pH <7.35)? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The kidneys buffer acidosis by eliminating excess hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing additional bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) to neutralize acid and raise pH.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse provides education regarding daily activities to a patient with thrombocytopenia. Which activity identified by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Shaving using an electric razor reduces the risk of cuts and bleeding, appropriate for a patient with thrombocytopenia due to low platelet counts.